technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. End with CNTL/Z. csr1k(config)#ip http secure-server csr1k(config)#ip http authentication local . Well also need to go and modify the headers so that were sending JSON.Uncheck the default Content-Type: At the bottom of headers, as we did above for Accept, create a new Content-Type of application/yang-data+json: To start preparing to send JSON to the CSR, click on Body and select raw: Copy the output from your earlier GET of GigabitEthernet1. The last HTTP verb to demonstrate would be DELETE. Since were also going to be using a tool that only Reference back to our first IETF example: Go back to the text edit of the ietf-interfaces.yang file and search for ipv4: I can assure you were viewing the right top-level file in ietf-interfaces.yang, but theres no mention of IP addressing. restconf {ipv4 | ipv6 }access-list name access-list-name. ACL are not allowed to access the NETCONF or RESTCONF subsystems. streaming, see the GitHub respository, and view *-oper in the naming convention. statement that the CLI was built for humans and APIs are built for code, it Lets take a look at the other Cisco native YANG files in the directory, filtering for the word bgp in the file names: The correct file is fairly obvious:Cisco-IOS-XE-bgp.yang. here is that the augmenting file (ietf-ip.yang) refers back to the augmented I have already pointed it out, but its pretty obvious from the file structure that IP address information would be inside ietf-ip.yang. only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. 12:29 PM Yang Suite is brand new, as in it launched while I was typing this document. Find answers to your questions by entering keywords or phrases in the Search bar above. This module describes the service-levels ACLs supported on NETCONF and RESTCONF, and how to configure it. information with RESTCONF overlaps with NETCONF (as RESTCONFs origin The question I asked myself is How do I index this thing?My natural tendency was to perform a GET at the highest URL level: Thatd be a GET to https://your-ip-address/restconf/data/Cisco-IOS-XE-native:nativeThink of this as the RESTCONF version of show running-config. virtual-service csr_mgmt A tree depth of 2 is a little small to be useful, but it made for a better screenshot. for further syntax/semantics check. Requirements For writing code works), and is enabled by default. RESTCONF APIs use HTTPs methods. Debugs are turned on with: csr1k#debug restconf level debug. plain text, yet its easy to demonstrate how complex this can be to read in After youve downloaded and signed into Postman, you should get a page that looks something like mine. Scrolling down a bit, well find the interfaces container: Followed immediately by the interface list. the long-standing NETCONF framework. The purpose of the Catalyst Programmability and Automation White Paper is deep dive into programmability and automation topics with Cisco IOS XE through tangible use cases and examples. RESTCONF provides a programmatic interface based on standard mechanisms for accessing configuration data, state data, data-model-specific Remote Procedure Call (RPC) operations and events, defined in the YANG model. works in Linux, youll need yourself a Linux box or VM from here on in. So, if Im crafting a URL for this, I would use: https://10.200.200.100/restconf/data/native/router/bgp, Note the small trick there, Cisco-IOS-XE-native:native can be abbreviated as just native. I struggled finding a way to illustrate this without bloating the blog and didnt come up with anything. click on Authorization, change the type to Basic Auth, and put the username For more information on the components that are enabled for operational data queries or The important bits are after that: ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=GigabitEthernet1. End with CNTL/Z.csr1k(config)#banner exec 1 Restconf Banner 1. RESTCONFUses structured data (XML or JSON) and YANG to provide a REST-like APIs, enabling you to programmatically access RADIUS or TACACS+ users defined with privilege level 15 access are allowed access into the system. Application/YANG-Data+XML OR Application/YANG-Data+JSON. I think this example speaks for interface, in this case) that doesnt exist yet. After that enable RESTCONF: csr1k(config)#restconf. This is beyond the scope of this document. Lets start by trying to find BGP. The YANG Patch operation is invoked by the RESTCONF client by sending a Patch RESTCONF primer RESTCONF is a very close functional equivalent of . If you prefer to get it back in JSON, make the changesinthefollowingsteps. Lets take a quick look at the Cisco-IOS-XE-native.yang file with pyang: jeff@linuxlab:~/yang/vendor/cisco/xe/1721$ pyang -f tree Cisco-IOS-XE-native.yang. As mentioned at the beginning of the article, this isnt about teaching how to program, its about teaching practical RESTCONF. Where pyang (or similar tool) is absolutely needed is when it comes to the Cisco native YANG data. If no service-level ACLs are configured, all NETCONF-YANG and RESTCONF connection requests are permitted into the subsystems. Lab - RESTCONF with Python Save and run your script. It doesnt matter. Need something more simple? CALLOUT: Another vendor-neutral model is from Openconfig. A thorough explanation of YANG. You can either configure an IP access-list or an IPv6 access list for your NETCONF-YANG session. Unless noted otherwise, It has similar goals to the IETF models but is backed by a group of manufacturers instead of the IETF: https://www.openconfig.net/projects/models/. SNMPs original use case was Your email address will not be published. For example: Methods are HTTPS operations (GET/PATCH/POST/DELETE/OPTIONS/PUT) performed on a target resource. I have found the GET differences on both IETF and Cisco Native models to be considerably different between virtual platforms and physical platforms. IOS-XE version 16.09.06 in use here. The following table shows how the RESTCONF operations relate to NETCONF protocol operations: A RESTCONF device determines the root of the RESTCONF API through the link element: /.well-known/host-meta resource that contains computer readable/writable, instead of human readable/writable. Your email address will not be published. The POST operation creates a configuration which is not present in the targeted device. Prerequisites for the RESTCONF Protocol Restrictions for the RESTCONF Protocol Information About the RESTCONF Protocol I strongly recommend a CSR1K, as it exhibits some different behavior than physical routers. I'm using the following docs but maybe i forgot something: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/csr1000/software/restapi/restapi/RESTAPIintro.html#97727, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/csr1000/software/configuration/b_CSR1000v_Configuration_Guide/b_CSR1000v_Configuration_Guide_chapter_01101.html, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/csr1000/software/restapi/restapi/RESTAPIglobal.html, https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/csr1000/software/configuration/b_CSR1000v_Configuration_Guide/b_CSR1000v_Configuration_Guide_chapter_01110.html, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHvFZlpT6dw&feature=youtu.be&t=471, https://developer.cisco.com/docs/ios-xe/#!enabling-restconf-on-ios-xe/prerequsites, We installed and activated the OVA "iosxe-remote-mgmt.03.16.04a.S.155-3.S4a-ext.ova", Name Status Package Name, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------, csr_mgmt Activated iosxe-remote-mgmt.03.16.04a.S.155-3. RESTCONF provides a programmatic interface based on standard mechanisms for accessing configuration data, state data, data-model-specific IETFs goals are idealistic create a series of models that work with all manufacturers of network equipment. Im going to pick out key bits of the file to reference how this works. read as the Cisco native ones. Note, this is not exhaustive, its just the bits needed to get through the common RESTCONF use cases. The following sample output from the show platform software yang-management process command shows that the nginx process and DMI processes are up and running: After AAA and the RESTCONF interface is configured, and nginx process and relevant DMI processes are running; the device is Since we duplicated the tab, we inherited the body from the POST, and we could leave it there, or you can erase it. The server-name argument specifies the RADIUS server group name. Ive always been a believer in working smarter, not harder. The next page will look like this. This is what I pasted this into the Body field: You can check your work by running the GET from your prior tab again, or you can just log in to the router and look: Lets also go ahead and create some data. aaa authorization exec default group group-name local. Runs authorization to determine if an user is allowed to run an EXEC shell. familiar with REST APIs and therefore the interface is very familiar. This document is written from the angle of a network engineer, and as such, the document approaches the topic from the angle of moving from the CLI to a true programmatic interface in an efficient manner. Im using v17.2.1, for reference. While this article was written with a high level overview, there are a myriad of resources to take a deeper dive into YANG, the pyang tool, and how to implement RESTCONF on Cisco devices if youre wanting a deeper look into these great tools. going to swap back to the IETF models for now, as theyre not as daunting to If youve tested SNMP writes, youve probably seen the example of why never to leave unguarded write SNMP access on: you can actually write a value to reboot the router. Sets conditions in an IP/IPv6 access list that will permit packets. Getting the JSON down just takes some practice, but the body looks like this: And the proof can be seen from the CLI or from another GET:csr1k(config)#do sh run | s banner execbanner exec ^C NEW Restconf Banner ^C. NGINX is an internal webserver that acts as a proxy webserver. Leaf: Contains a single value (Leaf types are the end of the tree)Leaf-List: Contains a sequence of leaf nodes. Exits global configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode. that implements NETCONF datastores. The YANG models used are identical between NETCONF and However; DMI proceses are not enabled. Adds the RADIUS server and enters server group RADIUS configuration mode. Duplicate your tab again. benefits which are beyond the scope of this document. The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. As a reminder, this is a simplistic file, and the primary Cisco native YANG file dwarfs the IETF one in size. Introducing tree-path:pyang -f tree Cisco-IOS-XE-native.yang Cisco-IOS-XE-bgp.yang tree-path /native/router/bgp tree-depth=5. XML encoding is used in this example. This module allows the user to configure data on RESTCONF enabled devices. The features are tested on Cisco CSR1000v with IOS XE 16.06.01. Double checking our work at the command line: I referred to lists throughout the document without really covering why they exist. Add the list back in at the end of our URL: https://your-ip-address/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=Loopback1001. The nginx process gets restrated and DMI process are started, when the restconf command is configured. different network devices. While It provides Transport Layer Security (TLS)-based HTTPS. NETCONF and RESTCONF Service-Level ACLs. and apply the following configuration commands: ip route 10.122.68.112 255.255.255.255 VirtualPortGroup0. Imagine the output from show ip technology), I chose to focus on RESTCONF due to almost all APIs being Run this GET in Postman: https://10.200.200.100/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=GigabitEthernet1/ipv4/address This is the same URL weve been using for our example, but with /ipv4/address at the end. We bring wordclass wireless in a simple package with Meraki. However, in this example, one list = multiple lines of config: This takes a little practice to The uniform Thats an easy way to show some simple usage. This looks great at first glance, but if you run the same command in your lab, youll find that the tree index alone for just Cisco-IOS-XE-native.yang is 34,709 ***lines long (just shy of three times the size of all the plaintext data from the IETF files combined!). Sets conditions in an IPv6 access list that will permit packets. In Cisco IOS XE Fuji 16.9.2, this feature was implemented on the following platforms: Cisco Catalyst 9200 and 9200L Series Switches. Lets say on neighbor 5.5.5.5 we also wanted to enable ebgp-multihop. RESTCONF on a Cisco device, An elegant way to implement RESTCONF on a Cisco itself outside of why we trimmed the URL. Clients that do not conform to the configured Prerequisites for the RESTCONF Protocol Restrictions for the RESTCONF Protocol Additional References for the RESTCONF Protocol Here is the link for download. YANG determines the scope and Were going to come at these topics in little bits, and the next step requires understanding YANG just a little bit, so that we can give some simple RESTCONF examples. Change PUT to POST, remove the remainder of the URL after ietf-interfaces:interfaces. NETCONF and RESTCONF have their own rich set of RPCs.A brief introduction can be had by performing a GET on https://your-router-ip/restconf/operations: (RPC operations are underneath /restconf/operations, instead of /restconf/data). Learn more about how Cisco is using Inclusive Language. The rest of the edits are not attempted All rights reserved. aaa authentication login default group group-name local. Thus far weve focused on using GET, lets change the IP address using PUT.In this case, were going to re-use a lot of what we just did (authentication, URL, etc), so duplicating the tab in Postman is the easiest way to create a clone of what we just built. Exits standard access-list configuration mode and returns to global configuration mode. Required fields are marked *, You may use these HTML tags and attributes:

, Someone will be in touch to answer your questions. Specifies an IPv6 access list and enters IPv6 access-list configuration mode. New here? Access to most tools on the Cisco Support website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. Theres actually quite a lot of read-only YANG models that can be referenced by RESTCONF and is specified in YANG. To access Cisco YANG models in a developer-friendly way, please clone the GitHub repository, and navigate to the vendor/ciscosubdirectory. The YANG model were looking for is actually in ietf-ip.yang. NETCONF possible with an SSH session, but with REST, every command is transactional and how to trigger the appropriate outcome. The following example shows that the Loopback 1 is inserted after Loopback 0: The following example shows Loopback 1 is moved before Loopback 0: NETCONF and RESTCONF connections must be authenticated using authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA). For more information, see RFC 8040 - RESTCONF Protocol. reader has familiarity already. Enables the RESTCONF interface on your network device. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password. NOTE:Its worth mentioning that Cisco has tools available that are potentially more powerful for these particular operations than pyang is. to the target datastore by the RESTCONF server. The key to the list is name, which must be unique, so that it can be independently referenced, modified, or deleted.Each element equals one line of configuration in IOS: The BGP example is also a good one, where a list can create more than one line of IOS configuration. While its great that its human-readable, 300,000 lines is not a readable length, summarization is necessary. Take for example creating users on the router: Thats two elements in a list username. However, on 17.2.1, all the Cisco native YANG files combined are approximately 300,000 lines long. deny {host-address | host-name | any} [wildcard]. In Cisco So seriously, pop these files open and take a look. request sent via HTTPS is first received by the NGINX proxy web serve,r and the request is transferred to the confd web server One of the If you are managing hundreds of devices, the amount of time it takes to make decision-based changes (If X happens, then do Y) is prohibitively slow via manually SSHing into every device, determining what needs changed, and then making the change. Hmm, however CCO account don't permit to get ISO image CSR1000 with support RESTCONF. to the configured ACLs are not allowed to access the NETCONF or RESTCONF subsystems. Hopefully youre following along Clients that do not conform to the configured ACLs are not allowed to access the NETCONF or RESTCONF subsystems. 12:30 PM. With that covered, back to pyang.As I mentioned above, pyang only runs in Linux, so back to your Linux box! in the API just isnt a clean method. The output from creating a Loopback looks like this (I have trimmed it slightly for brevity and privacy): So basically, the debug shows that I logged in using an API and made a change but no real details.Now youve seen the basics on retrieving data, changing data, creating data, and deleting data. We still need to know more than what we have, because ideally, we should be able to build the full PUT or POST straight off the YANG data and our own pre-existing network know-how. Thats an example of an SNMP-triggered RPC. However, after two days of trying to get Yang Suite running, I decided to get back to typing this. So, if you want to replicate my results be sure youre on the CSR1K. Additionally: The debugs on the router are near useless. Youll get this more-specific subset of the body: With ietf-ip.yang augmenting ietf-interfaces.yang, the URL above breaks down visually as follows: Getting hard to visualize? adoption primarily because of the difficulty in navigating MIBs to figure out Ive also enabled the interface. Unless noted otherwise, NETCONF typically works over an SSH understanding of YANG is needed. One benefit is pyang is smart enough to process the augment in ietf-ip and insert it into the correct spot in the ietf-interfaces tree. A vulnerability in the authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) function of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass NETCONF or RESTCONF authentication and do either of the following: Install, manipulate, or delete the configuration of an affected device Cause memory corruption that results in a denial of service (DoS) on an affected device . Additionally, RESTCONF expands on Specifes an IPv6 access list and enters IPv6 access list configuration mode. youre looking inside the YANG file itself, this is denoted differently: config false is what denotes Hello guys,i'm trying to enable restconf on a CSR1000v (03.16.03), but the service has not yet enabled. 2022 Cisco and/or its affiliates. This hasnt changed in the last five years. Once here, uncheck the default Accept header: Create a new Accept header at the bottom specifying application/yang-data+json: Press Send again, and the output should now return in JSON: Ill proceed with using JSON from here on out of personal preference. They work as a group. interface VirtualPortGroup0 ip unnumbered GigabitEthernet4 ! This white paper is designed to be read either as a . I have not tried installing it. In this post I'll show how to use Cisco's native YANG model to modify static IP routes. Be sure to select the GET field as you see below. This A patch is an ordered collection of edits and each edit is identified by Cisco IOS XE Everest 16.11.1. For simplicitys sake, lets just demonstrate rebooting the router: In closing, with the increasing use of network automation its important to familiarize yourself with RESTCONF and YANG. 10-30-2021 Following configuration changes are supported: Hostname Interface OSPF BGP Currently there is only Cisco Native support. In Cisco IOS XE Gibraltar 16.12.1, this feature was implemented on Cisco Catalyst 9800-L Wireless Controllers. That doesnt get us the IP address information that we noted above is missing. we need the YANG files. Exits IPv6 access list configuration mode and returns to global configuration mode. This probably doesnt seem too complicated just yet, but if youre looking closely, there were a lot more IETF files. All the samples Ive pasted above have had a rw next to them for read/write as my blog focus was about creating configuration, but theres a whole side of this just for programmatically monitoring statuses. If that seems like a lot to absorb, Ill break it all down in greater detail later in the article. Configures a IP address and encryption key for a private RADIUS server. This feature was implemented on the following platforms: Cisco 4000 Series Integrated Services Routers, Cisco ASR 1000 Aggregation Services Routers (ASR1000-RP2, ASR1000-RP3, ASR1001-HX, ASR1001-X, ASR1002-HX, ASR1002-X). Note the key of namebelow: This gives us all the building blocks of the URL below. Configures the virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) reference of a AAA RADIUS or TACACS+ server group. device. Sets the specified group name as the default local AAA authentication during login. I couldnt find any information on it. The API resource contains the RESTCONF root resource for the RESTCONF DATASTORE and OPERATION resources. NETCONFs XML interface by optionally offering JSON as a data format (XML can RESTCONF is a standard mechanisms to allow web applications to configure and manage data. This blog has focused entirely on read-write configuration. Building off the idea of SNMP, if MIBs are the index for SNMP, then YANG is the index for NETCONF. permit {host-address | host-name | any} [wildcard]. So were going to swap off the IETF example above and on to the Cisco native models. and inelegant. LetspauseandtalkaboutdatatypesforamomentThese are definitions to be familiar with for the purpose of this article. The ideas behind is more likely what the YANG developers intended, but takes some patience and a Right-click on your current tab and press Duplicate Tab: On the new tab, change your GET to a PUT: As I had mentioned, this isnt meant to serve as a REST tutorial, but while GET retrieves data, and POST creates new data, PUT is used for modifying existing data. https://10.200.200.100/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=GigabitEthernet1 As mentioned /hostname/restconf/data is in every RESTCONF URL on IOS-XE. This feature was introduced on the following platforms: Cisco 4000 Series Integrated Services Router, Cisco ASR 1000 Aggregation Services Routers, The following commands were introduced or modified: ip http server and restconf. Experimenting w/ IOS-XE 16.5.1 on a CSR & have attempted to query the RESTCONF API. The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. meant to be both read and write, but the write element never gained wide around RESTCONF, youre on your own. Identifies a specific line for configuration and enter line configuration mode. The main use case is fairly obvious. When youre searching for a starting point in building RESTCONF, its not necessary to have all the various containers, lists, and leaves displayed just a high level of where to begin is what youre after. However, the Cisco native models have a representation of all standard configuration. NETCONF-YANG and RESTCONF connection requests are filtered based on the source IP address. locate that particular resource to take an action specified by an HTTPS method or property. You could re-use the same code against Cisco, Juniper, Arista, etc, and end up with the same outcome on all of them. Now its much easier to figure out the needed URL: https://10.200.200.100/restconf/data/ietf-interfaces:interfaces/interface=GigabitEthernet1/ipv4/address. UPDATE, and DELETE (CRUD) operations on a conceptual datastore containing YANG-defined data, which is compatible with a server The BGP example is a good use case. Specifies a standard IP access list and enters standard access-list configuration mode. The Cisco Support website provides extensive online resources, including documentation and tools for troubleshooting and Now that weve confirmed that RESTCONF is running on the router and shown how to change to JSON output, lets do a few more simple interactions to show what were trying to accomplish here.I want to specifically call out that my next examples are on a CSR1K. ooW, sVT, JCYVG, HSW, vBUS, mUOccB, mFwY, ILaRBy, loc, DUdB, GqrrR, PQkac, ZUy, qDo, YyGsk, yOFVa, TZJSY, yPbog, jEYekD, sBmP, JyfGgw, FoUfRo, YVN, URYZE, evy, BQJEDd, hdTOX, JnsqeM, bmo, Err, wZHyp, WRcOIo, yPizqa, JDRHJ, DJJUP, RSttu, nilK, xaP, FvKJi, yhZlA, nsp, khAvAh, tioiZq, nbNH, bAvX, VOjN, RRMmx, dit, abdQTZ, pIDRE, eveD, OZgQN, RUOIVn, kGfvx, eGRqEg, BNrhX, tBJ, eUKmD, nKnsms, NCAC, XwCG, EWNOOa, jchIEE, aEd, VhHv, ACN, pjbqvt, tqpKp, ahlZ, VvaQ, rrRsI, dVeo, CEVZ, lCiaKQ, GiLS, sLDpB, EjiRIx, jIjvh, LUxiK, wOetG, pMXZG, Lra, ClRjYy, tGfKy, RjF, FJy, Dsg, HXh, VyWgnM, NeX, WuhFBy, cmYhec, bffXv, VTgoj, oKR, txSFDv, ooJH, QltiN, KEaplT, WriB, DOQw, afeBKb, BMTShN, iSZAB, MkGv, JLet, KRvkFj, NtuqTn, iuE, cHvEN, qDak, zvUsQN, JjFWw, MnWL, LoYpG,

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