This setting is optional. Anthony_E. If you set the flip timeout to a relatively high number of minutes you can find and repair the network problem that prevented the cluster from connecting to the remote IP address without the cluster experiencing very many failovers. But it also means that the original primary unit will remain the subordinate unit and will not resume operating as the primary unit. Enable this option if the switch the cluster is connected to does not update its MAC forwarding tables after a failover caused by a link failure. The heartbeat interface with the highest priority processes all heartbeat traffic. You can configure remote IP monitoring for all types of interfaces including physical interfaces, VLAN interfaces, redundant interfaces and aggregate interfaces. The default is 1, the range 1 to 15. Enable or disable sending gratuitous ARP packets from a new primary unit. 169.254.0.3assigned to third highest number. Use append to add an interface to the list. The result could be that until you fix the network problem that blocks connections to the remote IP addresses, the cluster will experience repeated failovers. If you notice that multicast sessions are not connecting after an HA failover, this may be because the 600 seconds has not elapsed so the multicast routes in the kernel are out of date (for example, the Kernel could have multicast routes that are no longer valid). During HA negotiation, the cluster unit with the highest device priority becomes the primary unit. diag debug enable The lower the hb-lost-threshold the faster a cluster responds when a unit fails. The default is 2. Enable or disable HA heartbeat message authentication using SHA1. The HA remote IP monitoring flip timeout in minutes. By default all VDOMs are added to virtual cluster 1. Weights are assigned to individual FortiGates according to their priority in the cluster. set priority 250 <change the priority to be higher than the other unit>. The default weight is 5. If HA remote IP monitoring fails on all cluster units because none of the cluster units can The cluster's active-active load balancing schedule. The FortiGate's HA Heartbeat listens on ports TCP/703, TCP/23, or ETH Layer 2/8890. After an HA failover, the new primary FortiGate waits for the multicast-ttl to expire before synchronizing multicast routes to the kernel. is a 4-digit number. Refresh the entries and check sync status in Primary and Secondary HA monitoring Dashboard. Use this command to temporarily change the device priority of a FortiGate unit in a cluster. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when the high watermark is reached. For example, after a failover, users browsing the web can just refresh their browsers to resume browsing. As long as the cluster still fails over successfully you could increase the interval to reduce the amount of traffic produced after a failover. route-hold can be set to a relatively long time because normally the next route update would not occur for a while. But since the age difference of the cluster units is most likely less than 300 seconds, age is not used to affect primary unit selection and the cluster may select a new primary unit. Disabled by default. Default is 8893. I known I can increase the HA priority value to migrate Secondary Unit as Primary Unit and decrease it to downgrade Primary Unit as Secondary Unit. override: disable, <2022/04/13 14:21:15> FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of uptime. If you select more than one interface, session synchronization traffic is load balanced among the selected interfaces. The default is 20 seconds and the range is 5 to 300 seconds. Setting up unicast HA heartbeat consists of enabling the feature and using unicast-hp-peerip to add a peer IP address. 04:08 AM Once a routing table update is sent, the primary unit waits the route-hold time before sending the next update. The overall behavior is that when the remote link is restored the cluster automatically returns to normal operation after the flip timeout. Normally, the unit with High priority is the master unit. Enable or disable load balancing UDP proxy-based security profile sessions. 5. <2022/04/12 11:17:04> FGVMXXXXXXXXXX44 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of override priority. By default, if a cluster unit does not receive a heartbeat packet from a cluster unit for 6 * 200 = 1200 milliseconds or 1.2 seconds the cluster unit assumes that the other cluster unit has failed. Once inter-cluster session synchronization is enabled, all FGSP configuration options are available from the FGCP cluster CLI and you can set up the FGSP configuration in the same way as a standalone FortiGate. When a cluster unit becomes a primary unit (this occurs when the cluster is starting up or after a failover) the primary unit sends gratuitous ARP packets immediately to inform connected network equipment of the IP address and MAC address of the primary unit. 6. The default weights mean that the four possible units in the cluster all have the same weight of 40. The group ID identifies individual clusters on the network because the group ID affects the cluster virtual MAC address. If is enabled, traffic processing is not interrupted during a normal firmware upgrade. 3. show sys storage This process can take some time and may reduce the capacity of the cluster for a short time. To reduce these false positives you can increase the hb-lost-threshold. Active device synchronises its configuration . <2022/04/13 14:21:15> FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of uptime. I am a biotechnologist by qualification and a Network Enthusiast by interest. The hello state hold-down time is the number of seconds that a cluster unit waits before changing from hello state to work state. The flip timeout also causes the cluster to renegotiate when it expires unless you have disabled pingserver-slave-force-reset. 2. diag hardware device disk Load Enable session-pickup so that if the primary unit fails, all sessions are picked up by the new primary unit. diagnose sys ha checksum show global | grep log, Repeat above commands on secondary device to compare the mismatch output. You may also want to reduce the margin to allow uninterruptible upgrades to work. The route-wait range is 0 to 3600 seconds. sessions=2, average-cpu-user/nice/system/idle=0%/0%/0%/100%, memory=14%, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 2 seconds ago): set ha-mgmt-ip <IP/netmask> Enter the IP address, with netmask, that this unit uses for HA related communication with the other FortiAuthenticator unit. Solution1) Use the following command from CLI: 2) Reset the uptime of the master device, while the override is disabled, # config system ha set override disable end. Enable HA remote IP monitoring by specifying the FortiGate unit interfaces that will be used to monitor remote IP addresses. In most cases you would want to send gratuitous ARP packets because its a reliable way for the cluster to notify the network to send traffic to the new primary unit. If the communication from the server is not initiated within 30 seconds the expectation session times out and traffic will be denied. You enter the weight for each FortiGate separately. Even if it takes a while to detect the problem, repeated failovers at relatively long time intervals do not usually disrupt network traffic. Increase the weight to increase the number of connections processed by the FortiGate with that priority. To avoid flooding routing table updates to subordinate units, set route-hold to a relatively long time to prevent subsequent updates from occurring too quickly. In FortiGate HA one device will act as a primary device (also called Active FortiGate). port3: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=2232258636/6463321/0/0, tx=3266257061/8035173/0/0, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): Normally, because the is 0 seconds. After a failover you may have to re-configure dashboard widgets. In most cases you should keep override disabled to reduce how often the cluster negotiates. The device priority of the cluster unit. Master: FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14, operating cluster index = 0 When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when its memory usage reaches the high watermark. Enable or disable the HA reserved management interface feature. You can increase both the heartbeat interval and the lost heartbeat threshold to reduce false positives. This setting is not synchronized by the FGCP so you can set separate weights for each cluster unit. In Active/Passive, Primary Firewall performs below tasks: Virtual IP addresses are assigned to heartbeat Interfaces based on the serial number of FortiGate Firewall, 169.254.0.1assigned to highest serial number The device priority range is 0 to 255. Run command to go in rough for discrepancy VDOMs by using command: In some cases, routing table updates can occur in bursts. The Fortinet Security Fabric brings together the concepts of convergence and consolidation to provide comprehensive cybersecurity protection for all users, devices, and applications and across all network edges.. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): FGT3HD3914-----3 is selected as the master because it has EXE_FAIL_ OVER flag set. Usually the control sessions establish the link between server and client and negotiate the ports and protocols that will be used for data communications. This is available if session-pickup is enabled and mode is standalone. When Admin. Enabled by default. You can control how often the failovers occur by setting the flip timeout. The maximum password length is 128 characters. Only appears if ha-mgmt-status is enabled. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 1 seconds ago): The default time to live is 10 seconds. If cluster units are joining your cluster after it has started up or if it takes a while for units to join the cluster you can increase the time that the cluster units wait in the hello state. Some of these options are also used for FGSP and content clustering. in heartbeat interfaces through which both primary and secondary devices can interchange hello messages to check liveliness of the peer device. FortiGate Next Generation Firewall utilizes purpose-built security processors and threat intelligence security services from FortiGuard labs to deliver top-rated protection and high performance, including encrypted traffic. Setting the failover threshold to 0 (the default) means that if any ping server added to the HA remote IP monitoring configuration fails an HA failover will occur. As long as the cluster still fails over successfully, you could reduce the number of gratuitous ARP packets that are sent to reduce the amount of traffic produced after a failover. Range 0 to 3600 seconds. In Active/Passive mode the primary device is the only equipment which can actively process the traffic. DHCP and PPPoE interfaces are supported The weight range is 0 to 255. Required fields are marked *, Copyright AAR Technosolutions | Made with in India, Heartbeat Interfaces and Virtual IP Interfaces, High Availability (HA) is a feature of Firewalls in which two or more devices are grouped together to provide redundancy in the network. The peer IPaddress is the IP address of the HA heartbeat interface of the other FortiGate VM in the HA cluster. If all of the session synchronization interfaces become disconnected, During normal operation, if a failover occurs, when the failed unit rejoins the cluster its age will be very different from the age of the still operating cluster units so the cluster will not select a new primary unit. If you choose to disable sending gratuitous ARP packets you must first enable the link-failed-signal setting. High Availability (HA) is a feature of Firewalls in which two or more devices are grouped together to provide redundancy in the network. In a multiple VDOM configuration you can port4: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=5543991879/3242247/0/0, tx=554325343/4321945/0/0 The HA remote IP monitoring failover threshold. Proxy-based security profile processing is CPU and memory-intensive, so FGCP load balancing may result in higher throughput because resource-intensive processing is distributed among all cluster units. Time to wait before re-synchronizing the multicast routes to the kernel after anHAfailover. diag debug enable Inter-cluster session synchronization is compatible with all FGCP operating modes including active-active, active-passive, virtual clustering, full mesh HA, and so on. Frequent negotiations may cause frequent traffic interruptions. You can add a time to prevent negotiation during transitions and configuration changes. After a failure or when starting up, cluster units operate in the hello state to send and receive heartbeat packets so that all the cluster units can find each other and form a cluster. <2022/04/12 11:17:04> FGVMXXXXXXXXXX44 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of override priority. A cluster unit should change from the hello state to work state after it finds all of the other FortiGate units to form a cluster with. I am a strong believer of the fact that "learning is a constant process of discovering yourself." The primary unit starts remote IP monitoring again. However, you could decrease the time to be able send more packets in less time if your cluster takes a long time to failover. The GUI Dashboard configuration. The maximum length is 63 characters. balancing UDP sessions increases overhead so it is also disabled by default. HA Health Status: OK The default value is 0. group-name. fail-alert-interfaces <name>. HA links and synchronises two or more devices. This allows you to manage each cluster unit separately and to separate the management traffic from each cluster unit. The number of times that the primary unit sends gratuitous ARP packets. Increase the number of processes to handle session packets sent from the kernel efficiently when the session rate is high. If the remote link is restored the cluster continues to operate normally. Disabled by default. The time between sending heartbeat packets. The weighted round robin load balancing weight to assign to each unit in an active-active cluster. The default route hold time is 10 seconds. pop3-proxy-threshold, smtp-proxy-threshold, The ha-priority setting of the config system link-monitor command, The config system interface settings of the FortiGate interface that becomes an HA reserved management interface. Fortigate HA Configuration Disabled by default. 169.254.0.2assigned to second highest number This option applies to both FGCP and FGSP. Technical Tip: Changing HA role in cluster. number of vcluster: 1 If you do not enable session pickup the subordinate units do not maintain session tables. 0x8891transparent mode. High Availability (HA) is a feature of Firewalls in which two or more devices are grouped together to provide redundancy in the network. This setting is optional, and does not affect HA function. Two to Four identical FortiGate Firewall (same Model ) Disabled by default. How to Prevent Your Gaming Laptop From Overheating? CLI configuration commands. A chassis that has less than the minimum-worker-threshold of workers operating is ranked lower than a chassis that meets or exceeds the minimum-worker-threshold. override: disable, Configuration Status: To change the priority of a route - CLI. In a remote IP monitoring configuration, if you also want the same cluster unit to always be the primary unit you can set its device priority higher and enable override. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when its CPU usage reaches the high watermark. config antivirus quarantine. Run command to go in rough for discrepancy VDOMs by using command: Your email address will not be published. This setting is not synchronized by the FGCP. If there are other routes set to priority 10, the route set to priority 5 will be . Names of the non-virtual interface. The subordinate unit then begins negotiating to become the new primary unit. Dynamic weighted load balancing by the number of IMAP proxy sessions processed by a cluster unit. Available on FortiSwitch-5203Bs or FortiController-5902Ds only in inter-chassis content-cluster mode. Use this command to temporarily change the device priority of a FortiGate unit in a cluster. Command to re-calculate the checksum Edited on Group name must be the same for both primary and secondary devices. {integer} HA priority. 7. The route hold range is 0 to 3600 seconds. - Rashmi Bhardwaj (Author/Editor), Your email address will not be published. By default, route-ttl is set to 10 which may mean that only a few routes will remain in the routing table after a failover. -All HA configuration must be in-synchronisation. The smaller the number, the higher the priority. Increasing the time between updates means that this data exchange will not have to happen so often. The Ethertype used by HA heartbeat packets for Transparent mode clusters. The valid range is 0 to 9. Disabled by default. Cluster uses these virtual IP addresses to differentiate cluster members and update configuration changes in clustered devices. Moving session synchronization from the HA heartbeat interface reduces the bandwidth required for HA heartbeat traffic and may improve the efficiency and performance of the deployment, especially if the deployment is synchronizing a large number of sessions. This limit only applies to FortiGate units with more than 8 physical interfaces. Slave : Secondary-Fw , FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16, cluster index = 0 For example, if your cluster has a large number of VLAN interfaces and virtual domains and because gratuitous ARP packets are broadcast, sending gratuitous ARP packets may generate a lot of network traffic. is a 4-digit number. Here we have given the name HA-GROUP. ses_pickup: enable, ses_pickup_delay=disable Can be blank if mode is standalone. If there are no monitored interfaces then port monitoring is disabled. You may want to increase the age margin if cluster unit startup time differences are larger than 5 minutes. If it's 6.4.x or later and you want to fail them over . Configure virtual cluster 2 using the following syntax. You can select up to 8 heartbeat interfaces. port3: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=3366612632/70886621/0/0, tx=1232321221/4564123/0/0, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 2 seconds ago): Automatically enabled when you enable virtual cluster 2. The default route for the reserved HA management interface (IPv6). In FGCP mode, most settings are automatically synchronized among cluster units. or. This option is available when mode is a-a and schedule is weight-round-robin. . This is a content clustering option and is disabled by default. 1.diag debug config-error-log read config antivirus settings. A heartbeat interval of 2 means the time between heartbeat packets is 200 ms. Changing the heartbeat interval to 5 changes the time between heartbeat packets to 500 ms (5 * 100ms = 500ms). Default is 8891. The range is 1 to 11. Managing firmware with the FortiGate BIOS, endpoint-control forticlient-registration-sync, firewall {interface-policy | interface-policy6}, firewall {local-in-policy | local-in-policy6}, firewall {multicast-address | multicast-address6}, firewall {multicast-policy | multicast-policy6}, log {azure-security-center | azure-security-center2} filter, log {azure-security-center | azure-security-center2} setting, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer-cloud} override-filter, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer2 | fortianalyzer3 | fortianalyzer-cloud} filter, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer2 | fortianalyzer3 | fortianalyzer-cloud} setting, log {syslogd | syslogd2 | syslogd3 | syslogd4} filter, log {syslogd | syslogd2 | syslogd3 | syslogd4} setting, switch-controller security-policy captive-portal, system {ips-urlfilter-dns | ips-urlfilter-dns6}, system replacemsg device-detection-portal, vpn ipsec {manualkey-interface | manualkey}, webfilter {ips-urlfilter-setting | ips-urlfilter-setting6}, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-3gpp-cellular, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-ip-address-type, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-nai-realm, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-network-auth-type, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-roaming-consortium, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-venue-name, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-conn-capability, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-operator-name, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-osu-provider, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-wan-metric, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer-cloud} test-connectivity. Initiate and re-calculate checksum if no mismatch found. You can't change this setting. The config system global hostname setting. vcluster 1: work 169.254.0.2 To correctly manage a FortiGate HA cluster with FortiManager use the IP address of one of the cluster unit interfaces. 2) Reset the uptime of the master device, while the override is disabled. Enable or disable automatic synchronization configuration changes to all cluster units. Enable or disable shutting down all interfaces (except for heartbeat device interfaces) of a cluster unit with a failed monitored interface for one second after a failover occurs. The following settings are not synchronized: override. session synchronization reverts back to using the HA heartbeat link. end. Once Active-Passive mode selected multiple parameters are required. Adding a virtual domain to a virtual cluster removes it from the other virtual cluster. Gratuitous ARP packets are sent when a cluster unit becomes a primary unit (this can occur when the cluster is starting up or after a failover). When mode is set to a-a or a-p this option applies to FGCP. The group ID is used in the virtual MAC address that is sent in broadcast ARP messages. The heartbeat interfaces must be connected to the same network and you must add IPaddresses to these interfaces. Since large amounts of session synchronization traffic can increase network congestion, it is recommended that you keep this traffic off of your network by using dedicated connections for it. 8. This option is only available if session-pickup is enabled and mode is standalone and is disabled by default. Dynamic weighted load balancing by the number of NNTP proxy sessions processed by a cluster unit. The default value is 100, but you can specify any numeric value ranging from 0 to 255. The number of seconds that a cluster unit waits before changing from the hello state to the work state. If you have more than two clusters on the same network they must have different Group IDs. Dynamic weighted load balancing by memory usage. For example, GTP traffic can result in very high packet rates and you can improve the performance of a FortiOS Carrier FGCP cluster or FGSP deployment that is processing GTP traffic by enabling this option. interfaces are functioning properly and connected to their networks. Enable or disable session synchronization for connectionless (UDP and ICMP) sessions. The default is 8 seconds, the range is 1 to 20 seconds. port3: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=2232258636/6463321/0/0, tx=3266257061/8035173/0/0 If a subordinate unit does not receive a heartbeat packet from the primary unit before the heartbeat threshold expires, the subordinate unit assumes that the primary unit has failed. Other features enabled in security policies such as Endpoint security, traffic shaping and authentication have no effect on active-active load balancing. You may want to reduce the margin if during failover testing you dont want to wait the default age difference margin of 5 minutes. The HA group ID, same for all members, from 0 to 255. The heartbeat interface priority range is 0 to 512. Repeat Step 1 to Step 9 in Secondary Firewall. In inter-chassis mode the system considers the number of operating workers in a chassis when electing the primary chassis. Normally, because the route-wait time is 0 seconds the primary unit sends routing table updates to the subordinate units every time its routing table changes. Device Group Group name must be the same for both primary and secondary devices. This setting is not synchronized to other cluster units. diagnose debug application hatalk -1, diag debug app hasync 255 You add VDOMs to virtual cluster 1 using the following syntax: You add VDOMs to virtual cluster 2 using the following syntax: Enable to use the reserved HA management interface for following management features: This means that individual cluster units send log messages and communicate with FortiSandbox and so on using their HA reserved management interface instead of one of the cluster interfaces. Since most HTTP sessions are very short, in most cases they will not even notice an interruption unless they are downloading large files. All session synchronization traffic is between the primary unit and each subordinate unit. Enable or disable virtual cluster 2 (also called secondary-vcluster). Here we have given the name HA-GROUP. For example, if you have a cluster of three FortiGate units you can set the weights for the units as follows: Dynamic weighted load balancing by CPU usage. If the primary unit does not receive a heartbeat packet from a subordinate unit before the heartbeat threshold expires, the primary unit assumes that the subordinate unit has failed. config router static edit 1. set device port1. The interfaces to use for session synchronization must be connected together either directly using the appropriate cable (possible if there are only two units in the deployment) or using switches. 12-10-2019 Normally session synchronization occurs over the HA heartbeat link. This setting is not synchronized to other cluster units. Dynamic weighted load balancing by the number of POP3 proxy sessions processed by a cluster unit. vcluster 1: work 169.254.0.2 HA links and synchronises two or more devices. Flooding routing table updates can affect cluster performance if a great deal of routing information is synchronized between cluster units. With this configuration, when a remote IP monitoring failover occurs, after the flip timeout expires another failover will occur (because override is enabled) and the unit with override enabled becomes the primary unit again. diag debug app hasync 255 The priorities are assigned when the cluster negotiates and can change every time the cluster re-negotiates. Firewall cluster uses FGCP to elect the primary, synchronize configuration, discover another firewall that belongs to the same HA and detect failover when any of the HA device fails. This content clustering option is available for the FortiSwitch-5203B and FortiController-5902D. During HA negotiation, the cluster unit with the highest device priority becomes the primary unit. This margin is the age difference ignored by the cluster when selecting a primary unit based on age. You can increase the route time to live if you find that communication sessions are lost after a failover so that the primary unit can use synchronized routes that are already in the routing table, instead of waiting to acquire new routes. When a burst of routing table updates occurs, there is a potential that the primary unit could flood the subordinate units with routing table updates. <2022/04/13 14:15:46> FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of uptime. Enable and configure FortiGate FGCP high availability (HA) and virtual clustering. Increase the priority to require more remote links to fail before a failover occurs. The default value is 6, meaning that if the 6 heartbeat packets are not received from a cluster unit then that cluster unit is considered to have failed. Other protocols may experience data loss and some protocols may require sessions to be manually restarted. The session helpers then create expectation sessions through the FortiGate for the ports and protocols negotiated by the control session. Understanding Checkpoint 3-Tier Architecture: Components & Deployment, Cisco SD-WAN vs Palo Alto Prisma: Detailed Comparison, Two to Four identical FortiGate Firewall (same Model ), Physical link between Firewalls for heartbeat. Config Priority. This entry is only available when mode is set to either a-a or a-p. Heartbeat InterfaceAdd Port 3/HA1 and Port 4/ HA2 port in heartbeat interfaces through which both primary and secondary devices can interchange hello messages to check liveliness of the peer device. connect to the monitored IP addresses, the flip timeout stops a failover from occurring until the timer runs out. Enable or disable FGSP session synchronization between FGCP clusters. All cluster members must have the same group ID. HA heartbeat packets consume more bandwidth if the heartbeat interval is short. The two units must have different addresses. Enable or disable synchronizing sessions only if they remain active for more than 30 seconds. Max 32 characters. Group: HA-Group Enable to force a subordinate FortiSwitch-5203B or FortiController-5902D into standby mode even though its weight is non-zero. This setting is not synchronized by the FGCP. Disabled by default. Syntax execute ha set-priority Set HA priority. Above command re-calculates the checksum for all the devices. Port monitoring (also called interface monitoring) monitors FortiGate interfaces to verify that the monitored During failover testing where cluster units are failed over repeatedly the age difference between the cluster units will most likely be less than 5 minutes. sessions=2, average-cpu-user/nice/system/idle=0%/0%/0%/100%, memory=14%, HBDEV stats: The weight is set according to the priority of the unit in the cluster. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when the high watermark is reached. Enable or disable session synchronization for expectation sessions in an FGSP deployment. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when the high watermark is reached. If two or more heartbeat interfaces have the same priority, the heartbeat interface that with the lowest hash map order value processes all heartbeat traffic. Dashboard widget shows below status if HA status is in sync. Enable or disable upgrading the cluster without interrupting cluster traffic processing. Other FortiGate devices are called Secondary or Standby devices. The failover threshold range is 0 to 50. The range is 6 to 2147483647 minutes. 2. diag hardware device disk execute ha synchronize start, Mismatch in HA can be calculated by using below command For example, if you have a cluster of FortiGate units in Transparent mode, after a failover the new primary unit will send gratuitous ARP packets to all of the addresses in its Forwarding Database (FDB). You can use the config secondary-vcluster command to edit vcluster 2. This can lead to a false positive failure detection. 12:50 AM, The Fortinet Security Fabric brings together the concepts of convergence and consolidation to provide comprehensive cybersecurity protection for all users, devices, and applications and across all network edges.. Enable or disable forcing the cluster to renegotiate and select a new primary unit every time a cluster unit leaves or joins a cluster, changes status within a cluster, or every time the HA configuration of a cluster unit changes. Master: Active-FW , FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14, cluster index = 1 ses_pickup: enable, ses_pickup_delay=disable Load balancing session synchronization among multiple interfaces can further improve performance and efficiency if the deployment is synchronizing a large number of sessions. The FortiGate exchanges messages to peer devices to establish an HA cluster. The default is 128. is used by FGCP for configuration synchronisation. Default is 8890. Control how long routes remain in a cluster unit's routing table. The number of processes used by the HA session sync daemon. diag sys ha checksum show , diagnose sys ha checksum show root | grep system <2022/04/13 14:15:46> FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of uptime. Enable or disable session synchronization for NAT sessions in an FGSP deployment. diag sys ha checksum show , diag sys ha checksum show The number of seconds to wait between sending gratuitous ARP packets. Name to identify the HA cluster if you have more than one. Created on The cluster must have some way of informing attached network devices that a failover has occurred. When mode is standalone, this option applies to FGSP only. DescriptionThis article describes different methods to promote the role of subordinate to primary in a HA cluster. Firewall cluster uses FGCP to elect the primary, synchronize configuration, discover another firewall that belongs to the same HA and detect failover when any of the HA device fails. The Ethertype used by HA heartbeat packets for NAT mode clusters. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): But if the heartbeat interval is very long, the cluster is not as sensitive to topology and other network changes. Usually routing table updates are periodic and sporadic. You must first enable vcluster2. In FortiGate HA one device will act as a primary device (also called Active FortiGate). The number of consecutive heartbeat packets that are not received from another cluster unit before assuming that the cluster unit has failed. Dynamic weighted load balancing by the number of HTTP proxy sessions processed by a cluster unit. However, for demo purposes you can use this option to lower the difference margin. Use a space to separate each interface name. {string} Serial number. The cluster must have some way of informing attached network devices that a failover has occurred. For SIP, the expectation sessions transmit voice and video data. I'd like to know, is it different between the two methods? The HA cluster password, must be the same for all cluster units. This option is only available if session-pickup in enabled and is disabled by default. port1: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=22183223/2218321/0/0, tx=216832/1211/0/0 set override enable. Enabling this option may improve the performance of an entity that is processing large numbers of packets causing session synchronization using excessive amounts of CPU cycles. You can use the pingserver-slave-force-reset option to control this behavior. For a FortiGate VM, enable or disable (the default) unicast HAheartbeat. diagnose sys ha checksum recalculate [ | global], diagnose sys ha checksum recalculate [ | global]. FortiGate (global) # get sys ha status Check HA status in Secondary devices. Here Priority is set 200, secondary devices must have lower numerical value than Primary Firewall. port1: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=22183223/2218321/0/0, tx=216832/1211/0/0, Master: Active-FW , FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14, cluster index = 1 Debug: 0 If, however, the remote link is still down, remote link failover causes the cluster to failover again. Secondary FortiGate device remains in Passive mode and monitors the status of the primary device. Using this HA option means only the selected interfaces are used for session synchronization and not the HA heartbeat link. You can configure the IP address and other settings for this interface using the config system interface command. Slave : FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16, operating cluster index = 1, Check the checksum mismatch and compare for the cluster checksum. Usually you would not change the default setting of 5. If you disable pingserver-slave-force-reset after the initial remote IP monitoring failover nothing will happen after the flip timeout (as long as the new primary unit doesn't experience some kind of failover). If the problem is detected in the Primary FortiGate, the secondary device takes over the primary role. The default route-wait is 0 seconds. Unicast HAis only supported between two FortiGates VMs. If the primary unit fails, the new primary unit can maintain most active communication sessions. config alertemail setting. Each cluster unit can have a different device priority. Slave : FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16, operating cluster index = 1, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 1 seconds ago): Disabled by default. The default depends on the FortiGate model. You can enable load-balance-all to have the primary unit load balance all TCP sessions. 12-09-2021 For FTP, the expectation sessions transmit files being uploaded or downloaded. The Ethertype used by HA telnet sessions between cluster units over the HA link. Inter-cluster session synchronization synchronizes all supported FGSP session types including TCP sessions, IPsec tunnels, IKE routes, connectionless (UDP and ICMP) sessions, NAT sessions, asymmetric sessions, and expectation sessions. The default is 600 seconds, the range is 5 to 3600 seconds. The flip timeout stops HA remote IP monitoring from causing a failover until the primary unit has been operating for the duration of the flip timeout. An FGCP cluster can include up to four FortiGates (numbered 0 to 3) so you can set up to 4 weights. In FortiGate HA one device will act as a. Configuration of primary and secondary devices are in synchronisation. Inter-cluster session synchronization does not support configuration synchronization. TCP port 23 is used by FGCP for configuration synchronisation. Configuring Primary FortiGate for HA, 3. This process can take some time and may reduce the capacity of the cluster for a short time. This can cause disruptions to the cluster and affect how it operates. The valid range is 0 to 31. This can happen if the new primary unit cannot connect to one or more of the monitored remote IP addresses. Some of these options are also used for FGSP and content clustering. By default, active-active HA load balancing distributes proxy-based security profile processing to all cluster units. interface. l HA override l HA device priority l The virtual cluster priority l The FortiGate unit host name l The HA priority setting for a ping server (or dead gateway detection) configuration l The system interface settings of the HA reserved management interface l . The heartbeat interval combines with the lost heartbeat threshold to set how long a cluster unit waits before assuming that another cluster unit has failed and is no longer sending heartbeat packets. A large burst of routing table updates can occur if a router or a link on a network fails or changes. HA links and synchronises two or more devices. The device priority of the cluster unit. The time to live range is 5 to 3600 seconds (3600 seconds is one hour). Physical link between Firewalls for heartbeat The device priority range is 0 to 255. Cluster Uptime: 211 days 5:9:44 Device Group is used in HA to assign two or more devices to be part of the same HA Group. Users downloading a large file may have to restart their download after a failover. 2. decrease the priority on primary unit to secondary. The default route for the reserved HA management interface (IPv4). There are two Fortigate HA modes available: HA Protocol used by FortiGate Cluster to communicate. The default value of 1 effectively disables the threshold. Remote logging (including syslog, FortiAnalyzer, and FortiCloud). By default this option is enabled and the behavior described above occurs. Snapdragon vs Exynos: Which one is better? When virtual cluster 2 is enabled you can use config secondary-vcluster to configure virtual cluster 2. The range is 1 to 60 packets. The heartbeat interval range is 1 to 20 (100*milliseconds). Master: FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14, operating cluster index = 0 What is High Availability? Load balancing TCP sessions increases overhead and may actually reduce performance so it is disabled by default. However, if a unit fails and is restored in a very short time the age difference may be less than 5 minutes. If for some reason all cluster units cannot find each other during the hello state then some cluster units may be joining the cluster after it has formed. {set | append} monitor [], {set | append} pingserver-monitor-interface [], set pingserver-failover-threshold , set pingserver-slave-force-reset {disable | enable}, {set | append} vdom [], Managing firmware with the FortiGate BIOS, endpoint-control forticlient-registration-sync, firewall {interface-policy | interface-policy6}, firewall {local-in-policy | local-in-policy6}, firewall {multicast-address | multicast-address6}, firewall {multicast-policy | multicast-policy6}, log {azure-security-center | azure-security-center2} filter, log {azure-security-center | azure-security-center2} setting, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer-cloud} override-filter, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer2 | fortianalyzer3 | fortianalyzer-cloud} filter, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer2 | fortianalyzer3 | fortianalyzer-cloud} setting, log {syslogd | syslogd2 | syslogd3 | syslogd4} filter, log {syslogd | syslogd2 | syslogd3 | syslogd4} setting, switch-controller security-policy captive-portal, system {ips-urlfilter-dns | ips-urlfilter-dns6}, system replacemsg device-detection-portal, vpn ipsec {manualkey-interface | manualkey}, webfilter {ips-urlfilter-setting | ips-urlfilter-setting6}, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-3gpp-cellular, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-ip-address-type, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-nai-realm, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-network-auth-type, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-roaming-consortium, wireless-controller hotspot20 anqp-venue-name, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-conn-capability, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-operator-name, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-osu-provider, wireless-controller hotspot20 h2qp-wan-metric, log {fortianalyzer | fortianalyzer-cloud} test-connectivity, priority (including the secondary-vcluster priority), cpu-threshold, memory-threshold, http-proxy-threshold, In some cases, however, you might want to reduce the number of gratuitous ARP packets. Copyright 2022 Fortinet, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The cluster age difference margin (grace period). The amount of time in seconds that the primary unit waits after receiving routing updates before sending the updates to the subordinate units. FortiOS CLI reference. Enable or disable session synchronization between FGCP clusters. 07-01-2020 If the FDB has a large number of addresses it may take extra time to send all the packets and the sudden burst of traffic could disrupt the network. Setting route-wait to a longer time reduces the frequency of additional updates are and prevents flooding of routing table updates from occurring. In virtual machine (VM) environments that do not support broadcast communication, you can set up unicast HA heartbeat when configuring HA. config antivirus profile. Enable or disable HA heartbeat message encryption using AES-128 for encryption and SHA1 for authentication. Synchronize the configuration of the FortiGate unit to another FortiGate unit. Disable virtual cluster 2 to move all virtual domains from virtual cluster 2 back to virtual cluster 1. Check the checksum mismatch and compare for the cluster checksum. However, in some cases, sending gratuitous ARP packets may be less optimal. Normally the default value of 300 seconds (5 minutes) should not be changed. For quick routing table updates to occur, set route-wait to a relatively short time so that the primary unit does not hold routing table changes for too long before updating the subordinate units. number of vcluster: 1 Model: FortiGate-VM64-KVM Enable or disable port monitoring for link failure. As a result the cluster may select a new primary unit during some failover testing scenarios. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when the high watermark is reached. antivirus. Default low and high watermarks of 0 disable the feature. Cluster state change time: 2022-04-16 14:21:15, Master selected using: Use a space to separate each interface name. I developed interest in networking being in the company of a passionate Network Professional, my husband. Enabled by default. set gateway 10.10.10.10 set dst 10.10.10.1. set priority 5 end. The FortiGate interface to be the reserved HA management interface. Mode: HA Active Passive alertemail. However, if you want to make sure that the same cluster unit always operates as the primary unit and if you are less concerned about frequent cluster negotiation you can set its device priority higher than other cluster units and enable override. Names of the FortiGate interfaces to which the link failure alert is sent. When enabled fewer sessions will be load balanced to the cluster unit when the high watermark is reached. The result is that repeated failovers no longer happen. 1) Use the following command from CLI: # config system ha. set override disable. Disabled by default. By default, this option is disabled and all HA synchronization packets are processed by one CPU. The following settings are not synchronized: The following table shows all newly added, changed, or removed entries as of FortiOS 6.0. set unicast-hb-netmask {disable | enable}, set inter-cluster-session-sync {disable | enable}. 3. show sys storage All members of an HA cluster must be set to the same HA mode. Password same password must be provided to both primary and secondary Firewall. 3) Disconnect the cable from the interface which is being monitored on the primary. Slave : Secondary-Fw , FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16, cluster index = 0 Device Group is used in HA to assign two or more devices to be part of the same HA Group. execute ha synchronize start Created on Set Device Priority -200. Remote authentication and certificate verification. Dynamic weighted load balancing by the number of SMTP proxy sessions processed by a cluster unit. port4: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=5543991879/3242247/0/0, tx=554325343/4321945/0/0, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): FortiOS session helpers keep track of the communication of Layer-7 protocols such as FTP and SIP that have control sessions and expectation sessions. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 2 seconds ago): in-sync One reason for a delay in all of the cluster units joining the cluster could be the cluster units are located at different sites of if for some other reason communication is delayed between the heartbeat interfaces. The expectation sessions are usually the sessions that actually communicate data. During a cluster firmware upgrade with uninterruptible-upgrade enabled (the default configuration) the cluster should not select a new primary unit after the firmware of all cluster units has been updated. Expectation sessions usually have a timeout value of 30 seconds. Set the priority for each remote IP monitoring ping server using the ha-priority option of the config system link-monitor command. sessions=12, average-cpu-user/nice/system/idle=0%/0%/0%/100%, memory=44%, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): The following command changes the priority to 5 for a route to the address 10.10.10.1 on the port1. Session synchronization packets use Ethertype 0x8892. priority (including the secondary-vcluster priority) ha . Intended for ELBC clusters, this feature only works for clusters with two members. Add virtual domains to a virtual cluster. connectivity can be lost with the FortiGate as the HA cluster negotiates and the FGCP initiate new MAC address of the FortiGate interfaces. 05:52 AM Delay renegotiating when override is enabled and HA is enabled or the cluster mode is changed or after a cluster unit reboots. To maintain communication sessions after a cluster unit becomes a primary unit, routes remain active in the routing table for the route time to live while the new primary unit acquires new routes. For example, a user downloading files with FTP may have to either restart downloads or restart their FTP client. Subordinate units should receive these changes as soon as possible so route-wait is set to 0 seconds. This setting is not synchronized to other cluster units. If the primary unit fails all sessions are interrupted and must be restarted when the new primary unit is operating. When you enable the reserved management interface feature the configuration of the reserved management interface is not synchronized by the FGCP. Enabling virtual cluster 2 enables override for virtual cluster 1 and virtual cluster 2. Use append to add an interface to the list. Maximum length: 79 For example, increasing the heartbeat interval to 20 and the lost heartbeat threshold to 30 means a failure will be assumed if no heartbeat packets are received after 30 * 2000 milliseconds = 60,000 milliseconds, or 60 seconds. More numerical value higher the priority. string. # config system ha. There may also be a number of reasons to set the interval higher. However, sometimes heartbeat packets may not be sent because a cluster unit is very busy. The default is 5. The time to live controls how long routes remain active in a cluster unit routing table after the cluster unit becomes a primary unit. Same Licenses on all cluster member You can monitor up to 64 interfaces. Note: By default, uptime is more important than this setting unless Override is enabled. monitor up to 64 interfaces per virtual cluster. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): The HA group name, same for all members. Add a unicast HA heart peer IP address. Normally keeping route-ttl to 10 or reducing the value to 5 is acceptable because acquiring new routes usually occurs very quickly, especially if graceful restart is enabled, so only a minor delay is caused by acquiring new routes. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): in-sync, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 2 seconds ago): in-sync, FGVMXXXXXXXXXX16(updated 3 seconds ago): in-sync, System Usage stats: Fortigate HA troubleshooting. Select the FortiGate interfaces to be heartbeat interfaces and set the heartbeat priority for each interface. If uninterruptible-upgrade is enabled, traffic processing is not interrupted during a normal firmware upgrade. Enable or disable session pickup. When enabled this cluster can participate in an FGSP configuration using inter-cluster session synchronization. Repeat the steps in Secondary devices and connect Port 3 and Port 4 with Secondary FortiGate Firewall. . hb-interval. If you choose to disable sending gratuitous ARP packets (by setting gratuitous-arps to disable) you must first enable link-failed-signal. Only difference in Active / Active mode is that in A/A mode all the FortiGate devices are processing the traffic. set ha-password <password> Set the HA password. Synchronizes routing table, DHCP information, running configuration, Monitor Primary device as to check if reachability is working in-between cluster or not, If problem encountered with the Primary Firewall, secondary device take-over the traffic sessions, Maintain Data Plane Processes like Forwarding Table, NAT Table, Authentication record, 169.254.0.1assigned to highest serial number, 169.254.0.2assigned to second highest number, 169.254.0.3assigned to third highest number. The default is 60 minutes. sessions=12, average-cpu-user/nice/system/idle=0%/0%/0%/100%, memory=44% Many protocols can successfully restart sessions with little, if any, loss of data. In FGCP mode, most settings are automatically synchronized among cluster units. Each cluster unit can have a different device priority. The following section is for those options that require additional explanation. diag sys ha checksum show Enable this option for FortiOS Carrier FGCP clusters or FGSP peers to distribute the processing of HA synchronization packets to multiple CPUs. The amount of time in seconds that the primary unit waits between sending routing table updates to subordinate units. You can use the append command to add more entries. If the primary unit needs to acquire a very large number of routes, or if for other reasons there is a delay in acquiring all routes, the primary unit may not be able to maintain all communication sessions. By The default is 128. If you enable session pickup the subordinate units maintain session tables that match the primary unit session table. Format: 1.2.3.4/24. To reduce this delay, you can set the multicast-ttl time to a low value, for example 10 seconds, resulting in quicker updates of the kernel multicast routing table. 4. show wanopt storage, 1.diag debug config-error-log read The default is 5 packets, the range is 1 to 60. 4. show wanopt storage, IPSec VPN Configuration: Fortigate Firewall, I am here to share my knowledge and experience in the field of networking with the goal being - "The more you share, the more you learn.". For example, if your cluster has a large number of VLAN interfaces and virtual domains and because gratuitous ARP packets are broadcast, sending a higher number gratuitous ARP packets may generate a lot of network traffic. Select one or more FortiGate interfaces to use for synchronizing sessions as required for session pickup. If one of the interfaces becomes disconnected the deployment uses the remaining interfaces for session synchronization. get system ha status > shows HA and Cluster failover Information Enable and configure FortiGate FGCP high availability (HA) and virtual clustering. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 2 seconds ago): Enter the names of the interfaces to monitor. CLI Reference. All cluster members must have the same group name. port3: physical/10000full, up, rx-bytes/packets/dropped/errors=3366612632/70886621/0/0, tx=1232321221/4564123/0/0, MONDEV stats: FortiGate Next Generation Firewall utilizes purpose-built security processors and threat intelligence security services from FortiGuard labs to deliver top-rated protection and high performance, including encrypted traffic. The HA group name identifies the cluster. The flip timeout reduces the frequency of failovers if, after a failover, HA remote IP monitoring on the new primary unit also causes a failover. The range is 1 to 65535 seconds. If uninterruptible-upgrade is disabled, traffic processing is interrupted during a normal firmware upgrade (similar to upgrading the firmware operating on a standalone FortiGate unit). This option improves performance when session-pickup is enabled by reducing the number of sessions that are synchronized. ftp-proxy-threshold, imap-proxy-threshold, nntp-proxy-threshold, Active device synchronises its configuration with another device in the group. You can monitor physical interfaces, redundant interfaces, and 802.3ad aggregated interfaces but not VLAN interfaces, IPSec VPN interfaces, or switch interfaces. So the cluster automatically returns to normal operation. By default two interfaces are configured to be heartbeat interfaces and the priority for both these interfaces is set to 50. FGCP travels between FortiGate cluster devices over the heartbeat links and uses TCP port 703 with Ethernet type values: 0x8890 NAT Mode This option is only available if session-pickup is enabled and mode is standalone and is disabled by default. If failover is taking longer that expected, you may be able to reduce the failover time by increasing the number gratuitous ARP packets sent. This can also be useful if each cluster unit is in a different location. Normally you would not need to change the time interval. The route-hold time should be coordinated with the route-wait time. Model: FortiGate-300D Mode: HA A-P Group: 240 Debug: 0 Cluster Uptime: 0 days 2:14:55 Cluster state change time: 2020-03-12 17:42:17 Master selected using: FGT3HD3914-----9 is selected as the master because it has the largest value of override priority. When multiple VDOMs are enabled, virtual cluster 2 is enabled by default. Indicates the virtual cluster you are configuring. ha set-priority. Copyright 2022 Fortinet, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Flooding routing table updates can affect cluster performance if a great deal of routing information is synchronized between cluster units. is a 4-digit number. FGVMXXXXXXXXXX14(updated 2 seconds ago): Proxy-based security profile processing that is load balanced includes proxy-based virus scanning, proxy-based web filtering, proxy-based email filtering, and proxy-based data leak prevention (DLP) of HTTP, FTP, IMAP, IMAPS, POP3, POP3S, SMTP, SMTPS, IM, and NNTP, sessions accepted by security policies. Reserved management interfaces and their IP addresses should not be used for managing a cluster using FortiManager. 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