To get started using the Azul framework, add it to your projects dependencies: Then import the crates to your project and use them: The Azul framework is well-documented to help you get started building GUIs. Once unpublished, all posts by thefluxapex will become hidden and only accessible to themselves. Heres a comparison table between the GUI libraries to help you make choices and considerations for your next project! The QGuiApplication class manages the GUI application's control flow and main settings. In order to install GTK for GNU/Linux and Unix systems, you will need to get the GLib, GObject-Introspection, Pango, Gdk-Pixbuf, ATK and GTK packages to build GTK. Thanks for reading! Hundreds of companies around the world are using Rust in production today for fast, low-resource, cross-platform solutions. When zipped together, two iterators form another iterator of tuples, denoted by the (x, y) notation. Cross platform native mobile development with Rust. . The question might not be related to Rust language in particular, but nonetheless, how do I do that? There exists a PR for this exact desire. A prominent example is dropbox, they use rust in parts of their file-storage solution. Since I do not want the UI to block while saving a potentially large image, I designed the application to run a special Thread responsible for generating previews and saving the resulting images. GPL-3.0 license Stars. And, of course, SvelteKit certainly made this timeline possible. iui: ui-sys: iui is a simple (about 4 kLOC of Rust), small (about 800kb, including libui), easy to distribute (one shared library) GUI library, providing a Rusty user interface library that binds to native APIs via the libui and the ui-sys bindings crate. Developers have used Rust for things like systems design, web development, and building GUIs. App Storage. Inside main() we create a new main widow descriptor WindowDesc out of a widget we'll create with the function ui_builder().We set title and state of the main window. It's looking like Druid will be my first try unless I get some better advice, although I'll eventually try everything. Once unpublished, this post will become invisible to the public and only accessible to Ian Pride. here if you like the official docs, here if you like animated stick figures and here if you are interested in the internals and dont mind wrapping your head around some pointers) and require some time and thinking to understand, lets have a look at two other things here: immutable references and iterators, since they play together nicely.Consider the following snippet: The function parameters a and b are of type &str, meaning an immutable reference to a string slice, the borrowed form of a string in rust. The Rust Foundation is an independent non-profit organization dedicated to stewarding the Rust programming language and developing the project. Introduction. Here we take a look at a simple "Hello, world!" which manufactures a DOM element in Rust, customizes it, and then appends it to the page. The best way to figure this out is to download the source code for Servo and explore it on your own. If this is the case for your target, you'll first need to compile the std Crates for the target yourself, which involves compiling the Rust compiler from source, and specifying the target for that build! Note "-j4" needs at least 8GB RAM, so if you hit a problem above try "make" instead. At least explain why fluvio might be relevant for the OP's vision, comments like yours amount to spam IMO. The iced library is one of the most popular Rust libraries due to its versatility. Features. An alternative to using the pattern-matching above, would be using Traits. 0 watching Forks. VSCode is supporting debugging but does not have the nice refactoring functionality of IntelliJ. I have used wxWidgets for years on many platforms. GUI programming with Rust. Unlike many other Rust frontend toolkits, Dioxus is not intrinsically linked to WebSys. Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! This is fairly straightforward with Rust. You can also use the fltk-theme crate for more customizations. Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide. Posted on Nov 10, 2020 The project is hosted on GitHub. Why does the USA not have a constitutional court? Built on Forem the open source software that powers DEV and other inclusive communities. It will become hidden in your post, but will still be visible via the comment's permalink. With you every step of your journey. San Digital have extensive experience of mobile development and the use of Android as an embedded operating system. This means that Rust players on PS5 can play with Xbox One and vice versa. Free and Open Source Forever! You can find projects for inspiration, code examples, and library implementations in this repository. Not really much to the gui except for 2 i32 inputs, displayed text, and possible a copy to clipboard feature. Closures in Rust are all-or-nothing regarding moves, meaning one can either take ownership of all the used references or of none.This leads to pretty ugly cloning of Rc> types for each closure and variable, so one can make use of another nice feature of Rust: macros. We have to build the Rust core into a native library and embed it in the host library somehow. Inside the project folder, run: wails dev. I'll build it for Mac if there isn't much extra effort involved. Since those concepts are covered in depth in other places (e.g. All the code can be found in my GitHub repo: https://github. Perhaps have a look at this writeup to get an overview of alternatives to the used gtk-rs and fee free to contribute to some project, if you are interested in this topic. Are you sure you want to hide this comment? Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Conventionally, iced splits applications into four concepts: You can easily get started using the Iced library for frontend web applications. Someone on Twitter recommended iced as well. iced-rs / iced: A cross-platform GUI library for Rust, inspired by Elm 17194. Its powered by WebRender and is a document object model, similar to HTML and CSS. So to create windows binaries nonetheless, Rust comes with pretty nice support for crosscompilation. Templates let you quickly answer FAQs or store snippets for re-use. Cross-platform notifications using polyfilled web API. Use a canonical location to store user data. By default, Dioxus ships with the html feature enabled, but this . WxWidgets uses GTK+ on X11 desktop which well known for looking like an alien on non GTK+ desktops. The egui library is in active development, and, if youre brave enough, you can use it in production. It's a really cool project, and data streams are something that I would love to support within BonsaiDb someday, but it doesn't really solve most data storage . Support for all major platforms: Windows, MacOS, Linux, Web . The problem here is two-fold: cargo is expecting the source code for the crates your program is depending on, so it can compile it (thereby ruling out the problem of having libraries with non-matching architectures or versions installed). The gtk3-rsand gtk4-rs libraries provides GTK 3 and GTK 4 functionalities, respectively. . If you have any questions, suggestions or critique regarding the topic, feel free to respond or contact me. GTK is a popular cross-platform, object-oriented widget toolkit developed by The GNOME Project. I'd like to build a cross-platform application using this language. I want to develop a gui app where the title bar is customizable (it means it has interactive elements like microsoft office) using rust. It could be a good choice to use since your apps can share similarities and would be easier to maintain. GTK provides us with a handy tool glade that allows us to design GUIs in a graphical manner and save the specification in an XML file. Its risky to use untested libraries or ones that arent production-ready. AutoPy. It seeks inspiration from Elm, a productive language for reliable web applications. Follow to join The Startups +8 million monthly readers & +760K followers. Roadmap. Rust makes it hard to have shared state, pushing you towards separating your state into the threads it belongs and letting them communicate over channels. TDLR; - What Rust desktop gui crate/framework do you use or recommend for use in Windows and Linux? Development Cross Platform Libraries GUI What are the best cross-platform GUI toolkits? For your projects, youll want to consider the state of the project for your application. To use the contents of an Option you need to explicitly handle the case that it is None, for example by using a match statement, providing an alternative content or using .unwrap(). A more descriptive terminology would be "platform native experience" There are many other GUI libraries in the Rust ecosystem, and you can find a comprehensive list on Are We GUI Yet and LibHunt. A cross-platform GUI library for Rust, inspired by Elm Rust 17,059 MIT 730 147 (27 issues need help) 19 Updated Nov 21, 2022. docs Public. Here it is worth noting, that the Rust community is extremely helpful and nice, you can join some IRC channel and ask even the most basic questions and there will be someone happy to help you out. Aha, well, Rust is a compiled language like C or Go: it creates native executables, which are specific to each OS; not like Java where it compiles to bytecode targeting the JVM. The fltk-rs crate supports old architecture with more than 80 customizable widgets and more than four supported theme schemes, including the GTK scheme. Although this seems to be a problem, it is understandable that the Rust community, backed by Mozilla, does not focus on expanding closed-source code capabilities whilst they advocate for free and open-source software. It is built around a VirtualDOM, making it portable for the web, desktop, server, mobile, and more. Simple, easy-to-use, batteries-included API. The UI is written in TypeScript/React (and built with esbuild), and it calls into Rust to perform low-level operations. Although there exists a multitude of tools and integrations in that direction, the integrations are not as mature as in the java ecosystem yet. In combination with the already mentioned RAII paradigm, the ownership system can prevent nullpointers and dangling pointers, just to name two representatives of a whole zoo of nasty problems. Unflagging thefluxapex will restore default visibility to their posts. You can install the fltk library using this brew command if youre on a macOS or Linux computer: You can find instructions for installing the fltk library for other operating systems on the linked page. 10. Dioxus is a new library for building interactive user interfaces with Rust. It seeks inspiration from Elm, a productive language for reliable web applications. Tabularray table when is wraped by a tcolorbox spreads inside right margin overrides page borders. Thus, we not only enable a team of several developers using different machines to . piet is an abstraction for doing 2D graphics; kurbo is a library for 2D geometry; and druid itself is an opinionated set of high-level APIs for . The QOpenGLExtraFunctions class provides cross-platform access to the OpenGL ES 3.0 and 3.1 API. Let's go! Check out eguis official documentation to learn how you can use it to make cross-platform GUIs. See the Rust Flexible Target Specification for more about targets. If he had met some scary fish, he would immediately return to the surface. With more on the way: Android, iOS; Bevy UI A custom ECS-driven UI framework built specifically for Bevy Built directly on top of Bevy's ECS, Renderer, and . You also have to import the gtk crate alongside the relm crates. Its aiming to be the easiest library for building web applications in Rust. Unfortunately, PC users can only able to play crossplay with other PC Users. Topics. You use "--target=" with rustc to tell it what you want to build. Responsive layout. For debugging you can user GDB or LLDB directly if you feel limited by the IDE support here. Rust is a systems programming language, that describes itself as a safe, concurrent, practical language. Then a new thread is spawned, passing it a closure with a capture environment. Thank you very much. rust-doc to have the documentation available offline and rust-src to download the sources of the standard libraries. The cfg attribute. The gtk-rs library is just one of the many Rust GUI libraries ready for production and has been used in more than 500 projects. Testing is an integral requirement for reliable software. I'm a master gatekeeper and web devs aren't programmers. The icedlibrary provides an easy-to-use, reactive programming model with first-class support for async actions and custom widgets. Therefore it is understandable that rust makes it easy for developers to write several kinds of tests, reducing the burden of getting yourself to write them. DEV Community A constructive and inclusive social network for software developers. Cross-platform Desktop GUI framework for C, C++, Python and Rust, using the Mozilla WebRender rendering engine, licensed MPL-2.0 Objects are composed into a DOM hierarchy which only gets re-rendered when a callback returns RefreshDom. Add a new light switch in line with another switch? Ready to optimize your JavaScript with Rust? I decided to use gtk-rs since it is a mature library and provides a reasonable layer of abstraction for our use case, thereby hopefully providing a sweet spot between stability and ease of use.Unfortunately, since the gtk-rslibrary is a wrapper around a C/C++ library, the generated bindings are not necessarily very rust-y and one will most likely encounter some weird-looking code, that would have been prevented with a higher-level abstraction. Cargo Features TAO provides the following features, which can be enabled in your Cargo.toml file: serde: Enables serialization/deserialization of certain types with Serde. For information, most of this is copied from: https://github.com/japaric/ruststrap/blob/master/1-how-to-cross-compile.md. Are there breakers which can be triggered by an external signal and have to be reset by hand? Recent examples of npm and gems, the crates.io equivalents for JavaScript and Ruby, have shown that there is a certain risk inherent when pulling code from the internet via package managers, that has transitive dependencies to several other code bases. I recently re-wrote the CLI version of one of my programs (3rd iteration; 1st was AutoHotkey in Windows and 2nd is cross-platform in Python) in Rust and now I'd like to build the gui version for it. android rust gui cross-platform adb toolkit debloat Resources. This enables us to use safe Rust types and functions, while gtk-rs encapsulates the inherently unsafe FFI ones (since Rust cannot guarantee for the safety of external C++ code).With this setup, one can reuse the GTK libraries without modification but that also means, that they need to be available at compile- or run-time, depending on the generated executable.Not only has there to be some GTK library be available, it is required that the gtk and gtkrs libraries are ABI-compatible for the desired architecture and platform. It's inspired by the Elm Architecture to simplify GTK library usage and provide an Elm-like experience. Once unsuspended, thefluxapex will be able to comment and publish posts again. When we say that Rust is "cross platform", we are not making a very strong claim; we are only saying that Rust, being a much younger system than C and with only one known implementation, has not developed ecosystem fragmentation yet. One option to create a windows executable would be to install the toolchain on a windows machine and build the application there. None-the less it shows how easy it is to use multithreading in rust: Lets walk through the above code step by step: To facilitate inter-thread communication, there is an mpsc channel, allowing the UI to send messages from the tx (transmitter) to the rx (receiver). The relm library is in its beta stage, hasnt been appropriately tested, and is changing rapidly. Youll also need to have the gtk library installed. Do non-Segwit nodes reject Segwit transactions with invalid signature? Doing this is not new, Ada( although with a bit weird syntax), allows the same reasoning on method parameters ( in and out parameters, have a look at this if you are interested) but in rust the borrowing system also expands to all references, enabling the enforcement of the famous borrowing-rules. The fltk library is quite popular and has more than 800 stars. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. A cross-platform GUI library for Rust focused on simplicity and type-safety.. iced is a renderer-agnostic, batteries included, data-centered cross-platform Rust library for building GUIs and frontends, inspired by the Elm Architecture. In a future post, I am going to explore how easily one can create a highly performant web-service written in Rust, profiting from the safety of the language. have stable ABIs in its libraries. Simple, easy-to-use, batteries-included API; Type-safe, reactive programming model; Cross-platform support (Windows, macOS, Linux, and the Web) Responsive layout; Built-in widgets (including text inputs, scrollables, and more!) This means, that it creates Rust functions that are layered on top of the C functions provided by the libraries via the Foreign Function Interface (FFI) of Rust. It's also possible to keep the frontend reloading process separated by: deleting the frontend:dev:watcher entry in ./wails.json. To use relm, you need to add the gtk and relmlibraries to your projects dependencies in your Cargo.toml file. Rust has been growing in popularity over time, likely due to its flexibility and vibrant open source community. On the other side, when declaring the function like this, you ensure that you are not going to edit the strings, making it way easier to reason about the code. Why does my stock Samsung Galaxy phone/tablet lack some features compared to other Samsung Galaxy models? Additionally, you can use the relm library if you want to go the Elm way. an exclusive-to-Rust GUI will be ploughing new ground because of the differences that are forced on the GUI library by the differences in the language, and it will come up with new ideas that will help others in other languages, progressing the . In the code sample below, clone! I recently re-wrote the CLI version of one of my programs (3rd iteration; 1st was AutoHotkey in Windows and 2nd is cross-platform in Python) in Rust and now I'd like to build the gui version for it. Integrate and instrument other binaries. I won't get into why, but I have a low tolerance for web based anything and I pretty much only build software for myself and a few family and friends, so it'll all be natively installable/executable. After installing gtk4 and adding it to your dependencies, you can import the crate like this: The gtk-rs book is a good resource for learning how to build GUIs in Rust using the library. Instead of guessing why problems happen, you can aggregate and report on what state your application was in when an issue occurred. After months of work, we're very excited to release the first version of Dioxus! You can resort to using older releases, as the master branch is constantly changing and might be expensive to use in production. While this book is targeted at people who want to develop GTK 4 applications, it also covers more general aspects of the GNOME stack such as GObject Concepts, The Main Event Loop and GSettings. But since gtk-rs is open-source, one is free to create PRs improving the docs.For example, did you know that you can (or need to) enable certain types of events like scrolling per input device in GTK? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. A simple, cross-platform GUI automation module for Python. It has to derive druid::Data.. fn main() has to return a Result<(), PlatformError>, because the AppLauncher might fail. This means if you own a PlayStation console you can easily able to play Rust cross-platform with Xbox console users. The multiplayer aspect is one of the best benefits, as it increases the player count for those who may not have many friends with them on their platform. One of the mayor drawbacks I faced when developing with Rust, coming from Java, was the availability of IDEs. In search of a GUI-library, I took a quick look at the ecosystem, below you can find a quick line-up of available solutions for low-level and high-level approaches. iced is free and open source software. Ryan. This tutorial taught you about popular GUI libraries in the Rust ecosystem, including gtk-rs to fltk-rs, iced, relm, Azul, and egui. The GUI libraries discussed in this article have different features and functionalities. Although the library is used in many projects, its pretty unstable and has a rapid development. Software you know and love, like Firefox, Dropbox, and Cloudflare, uses Rust. It produces cross-platform GUI (Windows, Linux, Mac) using native GUI control (QT does not). the best for production is not listed: Tauri. The gtk-rs library is also lovely considering the librarys legacy. iced is cross-platform GUI library for Rust focused on simplicity and type-safety. It may therefore be desirable to have alternative registries available in cargo, that can be self-hosted and curated based on the own guidelines and policies. Iced is a cross-platform GUI library written for the Rust programming language "with a focus on simplicity and type safety". get started using the Iced library for frontend web applications, to optimize your application's performance. If Avalonia can use XAML for cross-platform GUI applications, why not Microsoft?. The reason I wanted to give Rust a shot was to get a deeper understanding of lower-level computing; my prior experiences involved a couple problem sets in C from cs50 and making a print server in Electron (a way to make cross-platform apps using JavaScript). I am so thrilled with that! A cross-platform UI toolkit for Rust based on libui. Cross Platform. Is this an at-all realistic configuration for a DHC-2 Beaver? Druid. The resulting DOM tree can be styled with CSS. From reading a little bit it looks like web-view is for web based stuff, no? There is considerable interest in GUI toolkits for Rust. Built for you, maintained for Tauri. For cross-plattform GUI-development there are several options available, like gtk-rs providing bindings to GTK3+ or conrod, a low-level library directly interfacing with OpenGL or comparable technologies like Vulkan.A layer above, there is relm, a library based on gtk-rs. Refresh the page, check. To connect our Rust code to the UI, I subscribe to events generated by GTK and tell the library to execute one of our closures, for example like this: However, if I want to manipulate widgets from within the closure, e.g. Cross platform GUI in Go based on Material Design 29 December 2021. To read more about these packages, please refer to the Architecture. Note that (mainly thanks to the safety of the Rust language) I did not need to use a debugger once for this project. So, what makes Rust cool and why should I use it for that project? But as @dbaupp said native executables are different on each platform, *nix uses ELF, Windows PE, and OSX Mach-O. . In this article, well talk about popular Rust GUI libraries and frameworks like gtk-rs, fltk-rs, iced, relm, Azul, and egui. Any library that adheres to said design language would give the user a platform native experience. Its used for building portable GUI applications that work on Unix, Windows, and macOS systems in a number of languages, from Python to JavaScript, C, and Rust. There are many benefits to this. 40 Options Considered 1.2 K User Recs. Once suspended, thefluxapex will not be able to comment or publish posts until their suspension is removed. Dies ist das Blog der Digital Frontiers GmbH & Co. KG (http://www.digitalfrontiers.de). One of the main goals of the language is safety. Improve your privacy, the security and battery life of your device. The Orbital Widget Toolkit is a cross-platform (G)UI toolkit for building scalable user interfaces with the programming language Rust. The Rust community appreciates relm for the Elm-like experience that other Rust libraries, like Yew, Seed, and iced, provide. Ecosystem overview and prototype | by Marco Amann | Digital Frontiers Das Blog | Medium 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. The Azul framework is functional, and, according to the documentation, you can use it in production. Yes, Rust is cross-platform between PS5 and Xbox One. Help us identify new roles for community members, Proposing a Community-Specific Closure Reason for non-English content. I've used this to build and link a Rust project with a separate C library as well. Please note that Rust applications also have a dependency to a recent glib. Once compile -- run everywhere. Rust needs to have the toolchain for the target system installed, consisting of a triple {arch}-{vendor}-{sys}-{abi} e.g. Nieto is an enthusiast for XAML, the XML-based presentation language used in different guises by various Microsoft frameworks. so that's neat. Rust & cross-platform mobile development | by Igor Steblii | The Startup | Medium Write Sign up Sign In 500 Apologies, but something went wrong on our end. Youll also want to consider the projects compatibility based on what youre building and where the project will or should run. To handle the image rendering, the awesome (and conveniently named) image crate does all the heavy lifting for us, while rust-type provides handy font-rasterization. Thankfully, Rust makes it easy to write code that will be conditionally compiled depending on the platform it's compiled for. Iced is a cross-platform GUI library focused on simplicity and type-safety. Python C++ from azul import * class DataModel: The final executable can, depending on the platform, can be augmented with fancy things like icons. Since Azul leverages WebRender, it provides features like gradients, box shadows, border styling, and CSS transforms. Thank you. Cross-platform Rust. Part of this clumsy-ness is due to the fact that gtk-rs takes ownership of the handler-closures and one therefore needs to pass references to it, that it can take ownership of. This is even more noticeable, when you think of compiling to ARM on a RaspberryPi, which would take ages. A current work-around is exporting C interfaces from Rust and calling them (wrapped in unsafe code) from the other program. This is a response to the Rust call for blogs 2021 and also a followup to last year's entry.It will be entirely focused on GUI. However, if you already have a desktop application written in Rust, you can easily implement new features in rust and integrate that parts in your existing application, gradually increasing the components written in Rust. We create a custom data structure to employ as our app's state. Hier verffentlichen wir zu Themen, die uns interessieren und bewegen. The ensuing discussion is illuminating, in terms of why Microsoft has lost the loyalty of some of its developers. The same flag works with Cargo. What is a cross-platform way to get the home directory? Received a 'behavior reminder' from manager. Easiest way to build a cross-platform application. The GUI libraries in the Rust ecosystem are mostly premature projects with a lot of good features. LogRocket also monitors your apps performance, reporting metrics like client CPU load, client memory usage, and more. I'm interested in building a "Hello World" cross-platform application as well as for more complicated ones. Inspired by Elm. (Safari doesn't need to worry about this, because it isn't cross-platform.) All modern GUI frameworks are user-mode and the platform only defines a design language. In fact, every element and event listener can be swapped out at compile time. The Azul framework takes a different approach to GUI development, and, so far, the framework has been used in more than 200 Rust projects. Why is this usage of "I've to work" so awkward? Some functions are not quite well documented in the Rust crate but have to be looked up in the gtk libs, that the Rust functions wrap. The best way to figure this out is to download the source code for Servo and explore it on your own. For posix systems it should mostly Just Work unless you're trying to do GUI stuff. Many popular Linux GUI applications use the GTK library and GNOME stack. The crate gtk-rs is a wrapper around the official GTK3+ libraries. This setup provides auto-reloading of backend+frontend code. wxWidgets is durable, portable, and FREE. Cross-platform GUI written in Rust using ADB to debloat non-rooted android devices. iced is cross-platform GUI library for Rust focused on simplicity and type-safety. For me, the best way to learn any new language or paradigm is to do a side project. Since they are a feature of the language, one can avoid constructs like Pair and thanks to type inference, one doesnt even has to specify the types, since they are clear to the compiler. Crossware provides cross platform UI, IoT, and multimedia Software Solutions (Linux, MCU's, Android). Not really much to the gui except for 2 i32 inputs, displayed text, and possible a copy to clipboard feature. Updated on Feb 26, 2021. $ file hello The Rust core code also has to be available at runtime so the host language can call into it. This release adds the Windows platform with WinUI 3, improves the base application and startup builder, adds native lifecycle events, and continues to add more UI controls and layout capabilities. In Java and Ruby, we build the core into a dynamic library and embed it within the package (a Gem for Ruby and a . Servo is absolutely a cross-platform codebase, so it will have to address all of these questions, whether they be answered in build/configuration files, or the Rust source itself. GUIs use visual indicators like icons, windows, and menus for better user interaction and experience, unlike command-line interfaces (CLIs) that use text for input and output operations. Because a cross platform hello world is: @dbaupp I want to be able to launch "Hello World" on all 3-4 main os. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. hello: ELF 32-bit LSB shared object, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (SYSV), (..). Why is the eastern United States green if the wind moves from west to east? A generic optional type library for golang like the rust option enum Oct 23, 2022 A go package which uses generics to simplify the manipulating of sql database Oct 23, 2022 A refreshingly simple data-driven game engine built in Rust. apparently this is attached to Redox, the OS written in Rust. This is done by the following:If you allocate a resource (e.g. My question could be answered much faster I guess. However, Rust doesn't ship with the std Crate compiled for ARM (as of June 2015). With this, rust does not only ensure safety at compile time but also makes it easy to create clean, well-behaved code and hard(er) to create an unmaintainable mess. Nov 10 '20 on Nov 10 We're a place where coders share, stay up-to-date and grow their careers. A minimal example application, loading the UI definition from glade and doing something when a button is pressed, can look like this: The comments in the example above explain all the important parts, just remember to call show_all() on the window, otherwise your UI will be empty. Just like I could do in C. It could take me too much time. 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