The Krupp family first appeared in the historical record in 1587, when Arndt Krupp joined the merchants' guild in Essen. [1] Many of these codes, although not all, have prefixes that correspond to the company name. After its hostile takeover of rival steelmaker Hoesch AG in 19901991, the companies were merged in 1992 as "Fried. Controversy has not eluded the Krupp company. In 1999, it merged with Thyssen AG to form the industrial conglomerate ThyssenKrupp AG. By 1862 ten houses were ready for foremen, and in 1863 the first houses for workingmen were built in Alt Westend. His father's death forced him to leave school at the age of fourteen and take on responsibility for the steel works in companionship with his mother Therese Krupp. The company is headquartered in Low pay, long hours, frequent bombings, and crowded air raid shelters added to the unpleasantness of poor housing, inadequate heating, limited food, and poor medical care, all compounded by harsh Nazi discipline. In English, it is a voiced labiodental fricative.In most dialects of Spanish, it is pronounced the same as b , that is, or .In Corsican, it is pronounced [b], [v], [] or [w], depending on the position in the word and the sentence.In contemporary German, it is pronounced [v] in most And words that once contained the letter Z nowadays contain the letter S. With the exception of letters C, Q and W, these letters do appear in the Icelandic language in foreign words, unlike the deleted letter Z, which only appears in very rare cases in foreign words and therefore are also used more often than the deleted letter is. Technical and manual training schools were provided. The Common Market allowed these moves, effectively ending the Allied policy of decartelization. At the time of his death in 1887, he had 75,000 employees, including 20,200 in Essen. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 60.Xi was derived from the Phoenician letter samekh.. Xi is distinct from the letter chi, which On 25 July 1943 the Royal Air Force attacked the Krupp Works with 627 heavy bombers, dropping 2,032 long tons of bombs in an Oboe-marked attack. -Zumab is the suffix for humanized monoclonal antibody. [6] According to the pronunciation of the language around Oyster Bay,[7] the region where Truganini was born, her name would have been pronounced as "Troo-ga-ni-ni" [truganini] with short vowels, rather than with an initial unrounded open-mid vowel in the initial position [tr]; or with the diphthong of "nai-nai" [nn] in the third syllable. [citation needed]. [2] The European Union has mandated this harmonization for all member states [5] In the United States, the developer applies to United States Adopted Name (USAN) Council, and a USAN negotiator applies to the INN on the developer's behalf.[2]. In addition, when transliterated the name Salim (Arabic: ) can become indistinguishable in English, as the spelling Salem is also used, though with a short a sound and long e sound. Then they took him, and slew him at the passages of Jordan: and there fell at that time of the Ephraimites forty and two thousand. The World Health Organization does not give suggested pronunciations for its INNs, but familiarity with the typical sounds and spellings of the stems and affixes often points to the widely accepted pronunciation of any given INN. However, by the end of the war, with a manpower shortage preventing repairs, the main factories were out of commission. Upon his arrival at the works the next morning, Gustav Krupp suffered a fit from which he never recovered.[22]. The origin server can vouch for the identity of the individual user without giving the target server any further identifying information. The Cvennes are named Cemmenon () in Strabo's Geographica.The word in Gaulish probably meant ridgeline and is related to the Breton word kein meaning back. It is bordered roughly by the Skeleton-Waterholes Creek to the west; Boundary Road to the north; Foundation to the east and the Federation Trail to the south. [citation needed], Common abbreviation of the word 'Christmas', This article is about the abbreviation. Custom or tradition that distinguishes one group from another, even when not used by a hostile other group, The context was the crossing of the River Jordan; according to, Guldensporenslag (Battle of the Golden Spurs), would often pronounce both letters L and R, Language analysis for the determination of origin, "When it is ethically optimal to allocate money income in stipulated fractional shares", "Quando un pugno di ceci fece la storia della Sicilia", HOW TO SPOT A JAP Educational Comic Strip, "Pork Roll vs Taylor Ham- The Great Jersey Debate", "Snapshots from Ukrainian cities under siege or facing threat of Russian bombardment", "Why Is Houston Street Not Pronounced Like the Texas City? However, this growth did not last indefinitely. By this time, West Germany's Wirtschaftswunder had begun, and the Korean War had shifted the United States's priority from denazification to anti-Communism. [43], In the eleventh chapter of The Peoples of Middle-earth, edited by Christopher Tolkien, after their exile, Fanor and his followers made the rejection of the Quenya linguistic shift from to s a political shibboleth, with Fanor himself being written to say: "We speak as is right, and as King Finw himself did before he was led astray. Despite this, as late as the day before President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor, Gustav warned him not to do so. ", "US elections: Fourteen Words that spell racism", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shibboleth&oldid=1122344517, Hebrew words and phrases in the Hebrew Bible, CS1 Western Frisian-language sources (fy), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Biblical Hebrew-language text, All Wikipedia articles needing clarification, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2022, Articles containing Sicilian-language text, Articles containing West Frisian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 November 2022, at 03:04. Krupp's had a Great Krupp Building with an exhibition of guns at the Columbian Exposition in 1893. [b], There is an anecdote in Sicily that, during the rebellion of the Sicilian Vespers in 1282, the inhabitants of the island killed the French occupiers who, when questioned, could not correctly pronounce the Sicilian word ciciri ("chickpeas"). Hitler visited Gustav just before the Rhm purge in 1934, which among other things eliminated many of those who actually believed in the "socialism" of "National Socialism. Fritz was arrested on 15 October 1902 by Italian police at his retreat on the Mediterranean island of Capri, where he enjoyed the companionship of forty or so adolescent Italian boys. The term can also be used pejoratively, suggesting that the original meaning of a symbol has in effect been lost and that the symbol now serves merely to identify allegiance, being described as "nothing more than a shibboleth". Off-road cycling is facilitated by the Federation Trail at the southern border of the suburb, however few of the main roads provide provision for bicycles. ", "Merry Christmas Messages, SMS, Whatsapp & Facebook Status", American Morning: A Conversation With Reverend Franklin Graham, Commentary: You can't take Christ out of Christmas, http://www.all-acronyms.com/XT./Christ/1136835, An icon of Christ featuring the abbreviations IC and XC in the upper corners, Virginia O'Hanlon ("Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus"), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xmas&oldid=1115414926, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Articles containing Old English (ca. In the 17th and 18th centuries, "Xene" and "Exene" were common spellings for the given name Christine. [10] In the Book of Judges, chapter 12, after the inhabitants of Gilead under the command of Jephthah inflicted a military defeat upon the invading tribe of Ephraim (around 13701070 BC), the surviving Ephraimites tried to cross the River Jordan back into their home territory, but the Gileadites secured the river's fords to stop them. The 2017 international standard (ECMA-404 and ISO/IEC 21778:2017) specifies "Pronounced / d e. Krupp Steel Works was also contracted in the mid-1960s to construct the Effelsberg 100-m Radio Telescope, which, from 1972 to 2000 was the largest fully steerable radio telescope in the world. If you are not able to type in Icelandic letters, you can substitute. After closing one main steel plant and laying off 20,000 employees, the company had a steelmaking capacity of around eight million metric tons and sales of about 28 billion DM (US$18.9 billion). In 1922, Krupp established Suderius AG in the Netherlands, as a front company for shipbuilding, and sold submarine designs to neutrals including the Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, Finland, and Japan. Beginning in 1943, Allied bombers targeted the main German industrial district in the Ruhr. [7] An account cited that, on his deathbed, the elder Krupp confided to Alfred, who was then 14 years old, the secret of steel casting. Conversely, from 1902 Krupp was contracted by Vickers to supply its patented fuses to Vickers bullets. During the time of the Third Reich, the Krupp company supported the Nazi regime and used slave labour, which was used by the Nazi Party to help carry out the Holocaust, with Krupp reaping the economic benefit. [citation needed]. Trend meets tradition in the Williamsburg Paint Color Collection. Expansion was significant in the former colonies of Great Britain and behind the Iron Curtain, in countries eager to industrialize but suspicious of NATO. [40], In an episode of The West Wing titled "Shibboleth", President Bartlet discusses the meaning of the word at length. Arndt, a trader, arrived in town just before an outbreak of the Black Death and became one of the city's wealthiest men by purchasing the property of families who fled the epidemic. They are used in scientific descriptions of the chemical, in discussions of the chemical in the scientific literature and descriptions of clinical trials. Latinx is used as an alternative to the gender binary inherent to formulations such as Latina/o and Latin@, and is used by and for anyone By the mid-18th-century, Friedrich Jodocus Krupp, Arndt's great-great-grandson, headed the Krupp family. The Synod of Chelsea at Chelchith in 787 is often identified with Chelsea, London; but the first firm record is of a manor at Chelsea just before the Norman conquest.Today this original Chelsea is part He focused on arms manufacturing, as the US railroad market purchased from its own growing steel industry. [2] He was sentenced to twelve years imprisonment, but served just three and was pardoned (but not acquitted) by John J. In the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th, city pharmacopoeias were unified into national pharmacopoeias (such as the British Pharmacopoeia, United States Pharmacopeia, Pharmacopoeia Germanica (PhG or PG), Italian Pharmacopeia, and Japanese Pharmacopoeia) and national formularies (such as the British National Formulary, the Australian Pharmaceutical Formulary, and the National Formulary of India). In 1953 Krupp negotiated the Mehlem agreement with the governments of the US, Great Britain and France. [8] In 1848, Alfred became the sole owner of the foundry. [7] This next generation Krupp (181287), known as "the Cannon King" or as "Alfred the Great",[9] invested heavily in new technology to become a significant manufacturer of steel rollers (used to make eating utensils) and railway tyres. [4] Again, the company rose to become one of the wealthiest companies in Europe. Generic names are used for a variety of reasons. It is home to the football club of Western United. Similarly, co-codamol is codeine-paracetamol (acetaminophen), and co-triamterzide is triamterene-hydrochlorothiazide. Gustav attempted to reorient to consumer products, under the slogan "Wir machen alles!" Truganina Rabbitohs play rugby league in NRL Victoria. Alfred enlarged the factory and fulfilled his long-cherished scheme to construct a breech-loading cannon of cast steel. For the next century the Krupps continued to acquire property and became involved in municipal politics in Essen. To the initiated, however, the wording revealed that Twain was a freemason. In 1847 Krupp made his first cannon of cast steel. Initially, Krupp failed to gain profit from the Bessemer process due to the high phosphorus content of German iron ores. For example, abciximab is predictably /bsksmb/, because for INNs ending in -ciximab, the /sksmb/ sound is familiar. It is best known for its ArcGIS products. Kaiser Wilhelm II felt it was unthinkable for the Krupp firm to be run by a woman. The first is the vowel used in the initial syllable "Trug", and the second is the vowel used in the third syllable "ni". In return, Krupp provided social services that were unusually liberal for the era, including "colonies" with parks, schools and recreation grounds - while the widows' and orphans' and other benefit schemes insured the men and their families in case of illness or death. Alfred Krupp (born Alfried Felix Alwyn Krupp), son of Friedrich Carl, was born in Essen in 1812. "[20] "If necessary, you may include a proprietary name in parentheses directly following the generic name after its first mention."[20]. (we make everything! Krupp built rolling mills in Mexico, paper mills in Egypt, foundries in Iran, refineries in Greece, a vegetable oil processing plant in Sudan, and its own steel plant in Brazil. Siegel, Allan M. and William G. Connolly, Catholic Encyclopedia: Liturgy of the Mass, "Subject Guide to Conservative and Libertarian Materials, in Manuscript Collections", "Christian Symbols and Their Descriptions", "Why Is There a Controversy Surrounding the Word 'Xmas'? [4], The pronunciation of Truganina has two common points of dispute. More crucial to the operations of the German military was Krupp's development of the famed 88 mm anti-aircraft cannon which found use as a notoriously effective anti-tank gun. [10] Around 1100 the term was written as "Xpes msse" in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. See also Time release technology > List of abbreviations for formulation suffixes. The suffix -mas is from the Latin-derived Old English word for Mass.[2]. is like the name of the letter "i" in English or the sound of the letters "ai" in the words "Thai food". In the movie Inglourious Basterds, the Basterds give themselves away by holding up the 'wrong' three fingers to order three glasses of scotch. He also invested in fluidized hotbed technologies (notably the Bessemer process) and acquired many mines in Germany and France. In 1956, Nobel Prize-laureate economist Paul Samuelson applied the term "shibboleth" in works including Foundations of Economic Analysis to an idea for which "the means becomes the end, and the letter of the law takes precedence over the spirit. Franoise Berger, "L'exploitation de la Main-d'oeuvre Franaise dans l'industrie Siderurgique Allemande pendant la Seconde Guerre Mondiale," [The Exploitation of French Labor in the German Iron and Steel Industry During World War II], Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy | Radio Telescope Effelsberg | History, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation, largest private company in the German empire, Allied bombers targeted the main German industrial district, Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany, "Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach | German industrialist", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Krupp&oldid=1115985282, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopdia Britannica, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Articles needing additional references from June 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, EC McCreary, "Social Welfare and Business: The Krupp Welfare Program, 18601914" (1968), This page was last edited on 14 October 2022, at 06:09. In the hyperinflation of 1923, the firm printed Kruppmarks for use in Essen, where it was the only stable currency. Web"Land of Algiers", a Latinization of French colonial name l'Algrie adopted in 1839. In 1951, Adenauer acknowledged that "unspeakable crimes were perpetrated in the name of the German people, which impose upon them the obligation to make moral and material amends." Being a major weapons supplier to multiple sides throughout various conflicts, the Krupps were sometimes blamed for the wars themselves or the degree of carnage that ensued.[5][6]. France and Belgium occupied the Ruhr and established martial law. Krupp's construction of the Great Venezuela Railway from 1888 to 1894 raised Venezuelan national debt. The widow soon had to sell it away. [22] Let's just take Jesus out. [17], "Bter, brea, en griene tsiis; wa't dat net sizze kin, is gjin oprjochte Fries" ("Butter, rye bread and green cheese, whoever cannot say that is not a genuine Frisian") was a phrase used by the Frisian Pier Gerlofs Donia during a Frisian rebellion (15151523). Krupp Grusonwerk AG. The young director laboured alongside the workmen by day and carried on his father's experiments at night, while occasionally touring Europe trying to promote Krupp products and make sales. He was an alcoholic and died of cancer in 1986, aged 48, 399 years after Arndt Krupp arrived in Essen. WebXmas (also X-mas) is a common abbreviation of the word Christmas.It is sometimes pronounced / k s m s /, but Xmas, and variants such as Xtemass, originated as handwriting abbreviations for the typical pronunciation / k r s m s /.The "X" comes from the Greek letter Chi, which is the first letter of the Greek word Christs (Greek: ), which In 1942, although Russia in retreat relocated many factories to the Urals, steel factories were simply too large to move. At the Great Exhibition (London) of 1851, he exhibited a 6 pounder made entirely from cast steel, and a solid flawless ingot of steel weighing 4,300 pounds (2,000kg), more than twice as much as any previously cast. Chemical names are typically very long and too complex to be commonly used in referring to a drug in speech or in prose documents. In 1851, another successful innovation, no-weld railway tyres, began the company's primary revenue stream, from sales to railways in the United States. His father's health began to decline in 1939, and after a stroke in 1941, Alfried took over full control of the firm, continuing its role as main arms supplier to Germany at war. This made him a national hero, and he was granted an amnesty by the French after seven months. [11] Lord Byron used the term in 1811,[12] as did Samuel Coleridge (1801)[5] and Lewis Carroll (1864). For years, the works made barely enough money to cover the workmen's wages. Other names for this social category include Hispanic, Latino, Latina/o, Latine, and Latin@. In the United States, in 1977 New Hampshire Governor Meldrim Thomson sent out a press release saying that he wanted journalists to keep the "Christ" in Christmas, and not call it Xmaswhich he called a "pagan" spelling of 'Christmas'.[16]. [16] They identified Frenchmen based on their inability to pronounce the Flemish phrase schild en vriend (shield and friend), or possibly Gilden vriend (friend of the Guilds). After he became regent in 1859, Prussia bought its first 312 steel cannon from Krupp, which became the main arms manufacturer for the Prussian military. In 1913 Germany jailed a number of military officers for selling secrets to Krupp, in what was known as the "Kornwalzer scandal." "[18] Gustav supported the "Adolf Hitler Endowment Fund of German Industry", administrated by Bormann, who used it to collect millions of Marks from German businessmen. The dynasty began in 1587 when trader Arndt Krupp moved to Essen and joined the merchants' guild. [citation needed]. Countless fleas, bugs and other vermin tortured the inhabitants of these camps. A shibboleth such as "lollapalooza" would be used by the sentry, who, if the first two syllables come back as rorra, would "open fire without waiting to hear the remainder". Thus, in 1811 Friedrich founded the Krupp Gusstahlfabrik (Cast Steel Works). [8] That would make the approximated Palawa pronunciation of "Truganina" as [truganin]. [citation needed], In October 1937, the Spanish word for parsley, perejil, was used as a shibboleth to identify Haitian immigrants living along the border in the Dominican Republic. Two years later, on 31 January 1951, John J. McCloy, High Commissioner of the American zone of occupation, issued an amnesty to the Krupp defendants. [31], During the Russo-Ukrainian War (2014), Ukrainians used the word palianytsia (a type of Ukrainian bread) to distinguish between Ukrainians and Russians. They were abused, beaten, and starved by the thousands, as detailed in the book The Arms of Krupp. It received its first contract from the Prussian State railway, and manufactured its first locomotive. About 6,300 workers were laid off. In 1926, Krupp began the manufacture of Widia ("Wie Diamant") cobalt-tungsten carbide. A boarding house for single men, the Mnage, was started in 1865 with 200 boarders and by 1905 accommodated 1000. Truganina is a rapidly growing suburban area, with Truganina recording a population of 20,687 at the 2016 census. The Icelandic alphabet consists of 32 letters. In the early 1980s, the company spun off all its operating activities and was restructured as a holding company. The OED further cites usage of "Xtianity" for "Christianity" from 1634. Such contraction was partially, informally, locally standardized, but it was not universally consistent. Excretion contaminated the entire floors of these lavatories. WebNaming and pronunciation. . In his lifetime, Krupp manufactured a total of 24,576 guns; 10,666 for the German government and 13,910 for export. They could fire a 7-ton shell over a distance of 37 kilometers. However, after Hitler won power, Gustav became enamoured with the Nazis (Fritz Thyssen described him as "a super-Nazi") to a degree his wife and subordinates found bizarre. For example, doxorubicin is consistently /dksorubsn/ in English. The company began to make steel cannons in the 1840sespecially for the Russian, Turkish, and Prussian armies. It is the experience of a Third World person coming into the heart of Europe. This list does not include place names in the United Kingdom or the United States, or places following spelling conventions of non-English languages.For UK place names, see List of irregularly spelled places in the United Kingdom.For US place names, see List of irregularly spelled places in the United States.. "[20] "[T]he first letter of the name of a proprietary drug should be capitalized. In an affidavit provided at the Nuremberg Trials following the war, Dr. Wilhelm Jaeger, the senior doctor for the Krupp slaves, wrote, "Sanitary conditions were atrocious. And for people to take Christ out of Christmas. Suffixes or stems may be found in the middle or more often the end of the drug name, and normally suggest the action of the drug. WebPerhaps the single biggest pronunciation problem for Spanish speakers is that their language does not have a distinction between short and long vowels. Some 514 officers were thus identified and sent back to the mainland. In 1953 the WHO created the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) system, which issues INNs in various languages, including Latin, English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, and Arabic. He was nursed by his wife in a roadside inn near Blhnbach until his death in 1950, and then cremated and interred quietly, since his adopted name was at that time one of the most notorious in the American Zone. Another similarly distant railway station, Tarneit, at the corner of Derrimut Road and Leakes Road in nearby Tarneit, opened recently as part of the Regional Rail Link project. This activity became the basis for the charge of "plunder" at the war crimes trial of Krupp executives after the war. The Franco-Prussian war was in part a contest of "Kruppstahl" versus bronze cannon. And so this piece is a negative space. Disney Frozen 2 Walk & Glow Bruni The Salamander, Lights and Sounds Stuffed Animal, by Just Play 4,687 Ages: 36. He also included his text "Theorie und Konstruktion eines rationellen Wrmemotors". [29] Nevadans pronounce the second syllable with the "a" as in "trap" (/nvd/) while some people from outside of the state can pronounce it with the "a" as in "palm" (/nvd/). Alfried arranged for the firm to be reorganized as a corporation and a foundation for scientific research, with a generous pension for Arndt. Truganina recorded a population of 36,305 at the 2021 census.[1]. [23], During The Troubles in Northern Ireland, use of the name Derry or Londonderry for the province's second-largest city was often taken as an indication of the speaker's political stance, and as such frequently implied more than simply naming the location. WebA subpoena (/ s p i. The Ephraimite dialect resulted in a pronunciation that, to Gileadites, sounded like sibboleth. ARBORCOAT Exterior Stain Colors. Krupp artillery was a significant factor at the battles of Wissembourg and Gravelotte, and was used during the siege of Paris. The abbreviation of Christmas as "Xmas" is a source of disagreement among Christians who observe the holiday. The "X" comes from the Greek letter Chi, which is the first letter of the Greek word Christs (Greek: ), which became Christ in English. WebDrug nomenclature is the systematic naming of drugs, especially pharmaceutical drugs.In the majority of circumstances, drugs have 3 types of names: chemical names, the most important of which is the IUPAC name; generic or nonproprietary names, the most important of which are international nonproprietary names (INNs); and trade names, which are brand names. In the majority of circumstances, drugs have 3 types of names: chemical names, the most important of which is the IUPAC name; generic or nonproprietary names, the most important of which are international nonproprietary names (INNs); and trade names, which are brand names. Gustav ousted Jews from the organization and disbanded the board, establishing himself as the sole-decision maker. [30] Although the latter pronunciation is closer to the Spanish pronunciation, it is not the pronunciation used by Nevadans. Gustav and especially Bertha were initially skeptical of Hitler, who was not of their class. When Alfred started with the firm, it had five employees. It became Krupp-Panzer and manufactured armor plate and ships' turrets. The legend goes that before the Guldensporenslag (Battle of the Golden Spurs) in May 1302, the Flemish slaughtered every Frenchman they could find in the city of Bruges, an act known as the Brugse Metten. WebTruganina / t r u n i n / [unreliable source?] ][20][unreliable source?] Although Arndt was homosexual, like his great-grandfather Friedrich (Fritz) Krupp, he married but was childless. [28], Krupp was the first company to patent a seamless, reliable and strong enough railway tyre for rail freight. Truganina Post Office opened on 12 June 1878, closed in 1895, reopened in 1902 and closed again in 1942. Profits were divided according to amounts purchased. The piece consisted of a 548-foot-long crack that bisected the floor of the Tate's lobby space. [12], In the United Kingdom, the former Church of England Bishop of Blackburn, Alan Chesters, recommended to his clergy that they avoid the spelling. WebSalem (Arabic: , properly transliterated as Slim; it can also be a transliteration of the Hebrew: Shalem; the Jewish and Arabic name is also transliterated as Salem) is an Arabic and Jewish-origin given name and surname, also a Sephardic Jewish surname, and a surname of English origin.. Bath houses were provided and employees received free medical services. For combination drug productsthose with two or more drugs combined into a single dosage formsingle nonproprietary names beginning with "co-" exist in both British Approved Name (BAN) form and in a formerly maintained USP name called the pharmacy equivalent name (PEN). Publication policies for nonproprietary and proprietary names, prefixes that correspond to the company name, fundamental advances in chemistry during the 19th century, serotoninnorepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, Time release technology > List of abbreviations, List of pharmaceutical compound number prefixes, "United States Adopted Names naming guidelines", "The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances", "DIRECTIVE 2001/83/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 6 November 2001 on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use", "Overview of Generic Drugs and Drug Naming", "Drug Information Portal > Generic Name Stems", "Antibody Production (Immunogen Preparation)", "Information for Late-Breaking Abstract Authors", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drug_nomenclature&oldid=1112378782, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, (RS)-2-(4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl)propanoic acid, (2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-13-[(2,6-dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl--L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-[[3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)--D-xylo-hexopyranosyl]oxy]-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one, ethyl 4-(8-chloro-5,6-dihydro-11H-benzo[5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridin-11-ylidene) -1-piperidinecarboxylate, 3-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-phenol hydrochloride, (3R,5R)-7-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-4-(phenylcarbamoyl)-5-propan-2-ylpyrrol-1-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoic acid, 4,5-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one tartrate (1:1) hydrate (2:5). Prussia fortified the major North German ports with batteries that could hit French ships from a distance of 4,000 yards, inhibiting invasion. In the 1998 film Ronin, Robert De Niro's character confronts Sean Bean's character, whom he suspects to be lying about his experience in the SAS, by asking him "What's the colour of the boat house at Hereford? Truganina (and neighbouring Tarneit) is largely characterised by low density development and is growing rapidly in advance of transport infrastructure and services, meaning that the vast majority of new residents are currently dependent on automobiles. For other uses, see, Roles played in important historical events. The gun called Batterie Pommern was the largest gun of the world in 1917 and was able to shoot shells of 750kg from Koekelare to Dunkirk. In 1916, the German government seized Belgian industry and conscripted Belgian civilians for forced labor in the Ruhr. 949. [11] There are plans for an additional Truganina railway station to eventually be added to the line to service Truganina. Krupp's factory in Essen was occupied, and independent republics were declared, but the German Reichswehr invaded from Westphalia and quickly restored order. In 1807 the progenitor of the modern Krupp firm, Friedrich Krupp, began his commercial career at age 19 when the Widow Krupp appointed him manager of the forge. It sentenced him to 12 years in prison and ordered him to sell 75% of his holdings. [12] In 2010 Kmart Australia started construction on a new purpose built distribution centre in Truganina. [1] The Chi-Rho, an amalgamation of the two Greek letters rendered as '' (Unicode character .mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}U+2627 CHI RHO) is a symbol often used to represent Christ in Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox Christian Churches. To the uninitiated, this would seem like a casual if off-topic remark, but other AA members would understand its meaning. [16] In the case of solanezumab, the antibody is designed to bond to the amyloid- peptides which make up protein plaques on the neurons of people with Alzheimer's disease. Hitler's Lex Krupp was upheld, reestablishing Alfried as sole proprietor, but Krupp mining and steel businesses were sequestered and pledged to be divested by 1959. In addition, Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft built German warships and submarines in Kiel. He had a subsequent publicity disaster and was found dead in his chambers not long after. King Kamehameha III established the first There are no silent letters in Icelandic., though in spoken language some letters might produce a different sound than usual. Cromme and Ekkehard Schulz were named co-chief executives of the new company, operating worldwide in three main business areas: steel, capital goods (elevators and industrial equipment), and services (specialty materials, environmental services, mechanical engineering, and scaffolding services). The Kmart Australia Distribution Centre is now the largest building by footprint size in Australia and the Southern Hemisphere and tenth largest in the world. During the Napoleonic Wars, Friedrich Krupp founded the Gusstahlfabrik (Cast Steel Works) and started smelted steel production in 1816. [12], Krupp was also held in high esteem by the kaiser, who dismissed Julius von Verdy du Vernois and his successor Hans von Kaltenborn for rejecting Krupp's design of the C-96 field gun, quipping, "I've canned three War Ministers because of Krupp, and still they don't catch on!"[13][14]. In the 20th century the company was headed by Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (18701950), who assumed the surname of Krupp when he married the Krupp heiress, Bertha Krupp. In 1943, by a special order from Hitler, the company reverted to a sole-proprietorship, with Gustav and Bertha's eldest son Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach (190767) as proprietor. Choose from a range of colors that reveal as much, or as little, of the wood's natural grain as you want to see. After Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in 1914, Krupp bought his villa Blhnbach[ceb; de; pt; sv], in Werfen in the Austrian Alps, and which was a former residence of the Archbishops of Salzburg. For example, Lipitor is Pfizer's trade name for atorvastatin, a cholesterol-lowering medication. [35][36], Likewise, homosexuals in Britain might use the cant language Polari. This page was last edited on 1 June 2022, at 18:07. Krupp took over production, including at the Molotov steel works near Kharkov and Kramatorsk in eastern Ukraine, and at mines supplying the iron, manganese, and chrome vital for steel production. RESULTS Price and other details may vary based on product size and color. The most important is the IUPAC name. His wife Bertha (not to be confused with their granddaughter), was unwilling to remain in polluted Essen in Villa Hgel, the mansion which Krupp designed. For example, for paracetamol, both /prsitml/ and /prstml/[18] are common, and one medical dictionary gives /prstml/.[19]. At the Krupp Trial, held in 19471948 in Nuremberg following the main Nuremberg trials, Alfried and most of his co-defendants were convicted of crimes against humanity (plunder and slave labor), while being acquitted of crimes against peace, and conspiracy. The Icelandic language uses the latin alphabet, which is the same as the English alphabet and most Western European languages. [24] The pronunciation of the name of the letter H is a related shibboleth, with Catholics pronouncing it as "haitch" and Protestants often pronouncing the letter differently. It is sometimes pronounced /ksms/, but Xmas, and variants such as Xtemass, originated as handwriting abbreviations for the typical pronunciation /krsms/. In Western Europe the thumb, index and middle fingers are used; the British officer used the index, middle and ring fingers in the traditional manner used in English-speaking countries.[42]. ", "What is Friends of Bill W. on a Cruise? [2] A marketed drug might also have a company code or compound code.[3]. The terms "Xtian" and less commonly "Xpian" have also been used for "Christian". WebPronunciation of name. By 1905, 400 houses were provided, many being given rent free to widows of former workers. Gustav led the firm through World War I, concentrating almost entirely on artillery manufacturing, particularly following the loss of overseas markets as a result of the Allied blockade. Salem (Arabic: , properly transliterated as Slim; it can also be a transliteration of the Hebrew: Shalem;[1] the Jewish and Arabic name is also transliterated as Salem) is an Arabic and Jewish-origin given name and surname, also a Sephardic Jewish surname,[2][3] and a surname of English origin.[4]. Starting from the Thirty Years' War until the end of the Second World War, it produced battleships, U-boats, tanks, howitzers, guns, utilities, and hundreds of other commodities. [10] Unusual for the era, he provided social services for his workers, including subsidized housing and health and retirement benefits. [21] Among them are evangelist Franklin Graham and former CNN contributor Roland S. Martin. Most damage at Krupp's works was actually to the slave labor camps, and German tank production continued to increase from 1,000 to 1,800 per month. Most commonly, a nonproprietary drug name has one widely agreed pronunciation in each language. Friedrich Krupp (17871826) launched the family's metal-based activities, building a pioneering steel foundry in Essen in 1810. [12], Since at least the late 19th century, "Xmas" has been in use in various other English-language nations. Neu Westend was built in 1871 and 1872. Fritz was a skilled businessman, though of a different sort from his father. By 1887, Russia had bought 3,096 Krupp guns, while the Ottomans bought 2,773 Krupp guns. Then, in 1841, Alfred's brother Hermann invented the spoon-rollerwhich Alfred patented, bringing in enough money to enlarge the factory, steel production, and cast steel blocks. [9], Early use of "Xmas" includes Bernard Ward's History of St. Edmund's college, Old Hall (originally published circa 1755). Graham stated in an interview: "for us as Christians, this is one of the most holy of the holidays, the birth of our savior Jesus Christ. The largest number worked in the giant Krupp steel works in Essen. WebUsage and pronunciation. This was a heavy duty replacement for the original pressure sphere (made in Italy by Acciaierie Terni) and was manufactured in three finely machined sections: an equatorial ring and two hemispherical caps. The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG (Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp after acquiring Hoesch AG in 1991 and lasting until 1999), was the largest company in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century, and was the premier weapons manufacturer for Germany in both world wars. [33], A "furtive shibboleth" is a type of a shibboleth that identifies individuals as being part of a group, not based on their ability to pronounce one or more words, but on their ability to recognize a seemingly innocuous phrase as a secret message. WebIts name derives from a gallicized variant of the original Ojibwe word (mishigami), meaning "large water" or "large lake". [6][7] The Cambridge Guide to Australian English Usage states that the spelling should be considered informal and restricted to contexts where concision is valued, such as headlines and greeting cards. In 1912, Krupp began manufacturing stainless steel. Later that year, Krupp and Thyssen announced a full merger, which was completed in 1999 with the formation of ThyssenKrupp AG. WebSriracha (/ s r t / sih-RATCH- or / s r t / sih-RAH-ch; Thai: , pronounced [s.r.t] ()) is a type of hot sauce or chili sauce made from a paste of chili peppers, distilled vinegar, garlic, sugar, and salt. At this time 50% of Krupp's armaments were sold to Germany, and the rest to 52 other nations. He bought and sold real estate, and became one of the city's richest men. This led to the company becoming a major industrial power and laid the foundation for the steel empire that would come to dominate the world for nearly a century under his son Alfred. Germaniawerft in Kiel was dismantled, and Krupp's role as an arms manufacturer came to an end. This 'X' and 'P' arose as the uppercase forms of the Greek letters (Ch) and (R) used in ancient abbreviations for '' (Greek for "Christ"). A true member of the SAS would point out that Hereford (where the SAS headquarters was located at the time) is pronounced /hrfrd/. Krupp was able to sell, alternately, improved artillery and improved steel shielding to countries from Russia to Chile to Thailand (formerly known as Siam). It was alleged suicide, but foul play was suspected and details of the event were vague. WebIn most languages which use the Latin alphabet, v has a voiced bilabial or labiodental sound. The Ruhr Red Army, or Rote Soldatenbund, took over much of the demilitarized Rhineland unopposed. [38], "Fourteen Words", "14", or "14/88" are furtive shibboleths used among white supremacists in the Anglosphere.[39]. "Xmas" is deprecated by some modern style guides, including those at the New York Times,[4]The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage The Times, The Guardian, and the BBC. A British documentary on the Krupp family and firm included footage of German-speakers of the 1930s who would have had speaking contact with the family, which attests the long [u], thus [kup] or [kup], rather than what would be the regular German spelling pronunciation, [kp] or [kp]. WebThe chupacabra or chupacabras (Spanish pronunciation: [tupakaas], literally 'goat-sucker'; from Spanish: chupar, 'to suck', and cabras, 'goats') is a legendary creature in the folklore of parts of the Americas, with its first purported sightings reported in Puerto Rico in 1995. During World War II, it was designed to divert Allied airstrikes from the actual production site of the arms factory. Krupp Industries employed workers conscripted by the Nazi regime from across Europe. Allied High Commission Law 27, in 1950, mandated the decartelization of German industry. For the Aboriginal Tasmanian, see, "Jobs boom in Truganina next year - Local News - News | Wyndham Leader", "Distributing more jobs in Truganina - Local News - News - Wyndham Leader", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Truganina,_Victoria&oldid=1119511444, Australian Statistical Geography Standard 2021 ID same as Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Articles lacking reliable references from February 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 November 2022, at 23:54. Newly enriched, Friedrich decided to discover the secret of cast (crucible) steel. French soldiers inspecting Krupp's factory in Essen were cornered by workers in a garage, opened fire with a machine gun, and killed thirteen. Although Krupp offered to sell the Mustang name to Ford for a reasonable price, Ford declined and as a result, badged all Mustangs destined for Germany "T-5." Krupp demanded a loyalty oath, required workers to obtain written permission from their foremen when they needed to use the toilet and issued proclamations telling his workers not to concern themselves with national politics. He arranged for Bertha to marry Gustav von Bohlen und Halbach, a Prussian courtier to the Vatican and grandson of American Civil War General Henry Bohlen. Xmas (also X-mas) is a common abbreviation of the word Christmas. [31] The common German pronunciations are [kp] or [kp]. In the second half of the 20th century, the nomenclatural systems moved away from such contraction toward the present system of stems and affixes that show chemical relationships. [17][18] Trade names almost always have one accepted pronunciation, because the sponsoring company who coined the name has an intended pronunciation for it. [25], The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) and the OED Supplement have cited usages of "X-" or "Xp-" for "Christ-" as early as 1485. ", pronouncing it /'hirfrd/. The Krupp family (see pronunciation), a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, is notable for its production of steel, artillery, ammunition and other armaments. These workers were initially paid, but as Nazi fortunes declined they were kept as slave workers. [13] Another mega distribution centre in the Truganina industrial area was built for Coles Supermarkets in 2012 which is approximately 70,000 square meters. WebA shibboleth (/ b l ,- / (); Biblical Hebrew: , romanized: bble) is any custom or tradition, usually a choice of phrasing or even a single word, that distinguishes one group of people from another. n /; also subpna, supenna or subpena) or witness summons is a writ issued by a government agency, most often a court, to compel testimony by a witness or production of evidence under a penalty for failure. [18] There is, however, a well documented history of use of (actually the Greek letter 'chi') as an abbreviation for "Christ" () and possibly also a symbol of the cross. The legally approved names in various countries include: The World Health Organization administers the international nonproprietary name list. [1] According to Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage, most of the evidence for these words comes from "educated Englishmen who knew their Greek".[12]. In an episode of Seinfeld titled "The Van Buren Boys", Kramer unintentionally makes the eponymous street gang's shibboleth, eight outstretched fingers signifying the eighth US president, Martin Van Buren. The state takes its name from the adjacent Delaware Bay, in turn named after Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and In Isaac Asimov's 1985 novel Robots and Empire, an abandoned planet is discovered to contain robots which, while following the Three Laws of Robotics, are programmed to only consider people speaking with the local accent as human, and are instructed to eliminate anyone whose pronunciation differs. [4] In order to minimize confusion, many of the national naming bodies have policies of maintaining harmony between national nonproprietary names and INNs. Krupp's anti-balloon guns were the first anti-aircraft guns. Just as wine may vary by strain of yeast and year of grape harvest, so each product can be subtly different because living organisms are an integral part of production. Within Australia, what someone calls "devon", or how they name the size of beer they order can often pinpoint what state they are from, as both of these have varied names across the country. As the eldest son of Bertha Krupp, Alfried was destined by family tradition to become the sole heir of the Krupp concern. Medical dictionaries give pronunciations of many drugs that are both commonly used and have been commercially available for a decade or more, although many newer drugs or less common drugs are not entered. This would seem to indicate that the short u is a spelling pronunciation, but it is nonetheless the most common treatment. At least several of these national-level Approved Name/Adopted Name/Accepted Name systems were not created until the 1960s, after the INN system already existed. "Nearly all railroads were using Krupp rails, the New York Central, Illinois Central, Delaware and Hudson, Maine Central, Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, Bangor and Aroostook, Great Northern, Boston and Albany, Florida and East Coast, Texas and Pacific, Southern Pacific, and Mexican National. In the 21st century, increasing globalization is encouraging maximal rationalization for new generic names for drugs, and there is an increasing expectation that new USANs, BANs, and JANs will not differ from new INNs without special justification. Beginning with Adenauer, he established personal diplomacy with heads of state, making both open and secret deals to sell equipment and engineering expertise. [1] The company had a workshop near the Auschwitz concentration camp. However, it is still technically used only in very rare cases preserved in historic names of structures, organizations, and the like, such as Verzl (a school in Reykjavk). In 1921 Krupp bought Bofors in Sweden as a front company and sold arms to neutral nations including the Netherlands and Denmark. Krupp also used the name "Mustang" for some of their products, causing a problem for Ford Motor Company in 1964 when they desired to export their car of the same name to Germany, especially since American military personnel stationed there wanted the new car. In 1967, the West German Federal Tax Court ended sales tax exemptions for private companies, of which Krupp was the largest, and voided the Hitler-era exemption of the company from inheritance tax. WebXi is the name of the 14th letter of the Greek alphabet (uppercase , lowercase ; Greek: ), representing the voiceless consonant cluster IPA: .It is pronounced in Modern Greek, and generally / z a / or / k s a / in English. The British dismantled Krupp's factories, sending machinery all over Europe as war reparations. The USP ceased maintaining PENs, but the similar "co"-prefixed BANs are still current. The company produced steel used to build railroads in the United States and to cap the Chrysler Building. Christmas. . The chemical names are the scientific names, based on the molecular structure of the drug. Alfried's only son, Arndt von Bohlen und Halbach (19381986), would not develop an interest in the family business and was willing to renounce his inheritance. In an episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent ("Shibboleth", Episode 4.17) a killer gives himself away by his particular pronunciation of a word. WebDelaware (/ d l w r / DEL--wair) is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Maryland to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and New Jersey and the Atlantic Ocean to its east. Equivalent to English "i" as in "kit", but with the lips rounded. Notes: Icelandic words never begin with , and no words end with .; I and Y share the same pronunciation, as do and .; HV is pronounced as KV in the standard language, but in some areas it is pronounced as Scots WH. Friedrich spent a significant amount of time and money in the small, waterwheel-powered facility, neglecting other Krupp business, but in 1816 he was able to produce smelted steel. McCloy.[3]. Krupp's paternalist strategy was adopted by Bismarck as government policy, as a preventive against Social Democratic tendencies, and later influenced the development and adoption of Fhrerprinzip by Adolf Hitler. "[13] Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. used the term in a letter dated 1923. Jewish women were used as slave labor there, leased from the SS for 4 Marks a head per day. Taking that into account, "Troo-ga-nee-na" [trugni:n] is most likely the closest correct Anglicised pronunciation. [7] In recent years the development of the Biological Qualifier system has been an example. In the Panic of 1873, Alfred continued to expand, including the purchase of Spanish mines and Dutch shipping, making Krupp the biggest and richest company in Europe but nearly bankrupting it. His advisors believe it is a catch phrase or cliche, after which Bartlet reminds them of its earlier biblical significance. WebThe Krupp family (see pronunciation), a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, is notable for its production of steel, artillery, ammunition and other armaments.The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG (Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp after acquiring Hoesch AG in 1991 and lasting until 1999), was the largest company in Europe at Four years later, the first 3-horsepower diesel engine was produced.[30]. In many cases these massacres took the form of boarding buses and getting the passengers to pronounce words that had hard ba's at the start of the word (like baldiya bucket) and executing the people who found it difficult. In 1968, the company became an Aktiengesellschaft and ownership was transferred to the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation. In 1810, the widow died, and in what would prove a disastrous move, left virtually all the Krupp fortune and property to Friedrich. There are some letters that are not found in English, and even some letters that only Icelandic uses. According to Manchester, he kept a copy of Mein Kampf on his bedside table to the day of his death.[21]. It was the 41st most common surname in Norway in 2020 [10] and tops the foreign name list in the Czech Republic . By the start of the Balkan wars the largest export market for Krupp worldwide was Turkey, which purchased 3,943 Krupp guns of various types between 1854 and 1912. [15] He was particularly interested in promoting the application of genetics to social science and public policy.[15][16]. The company expanded to 125,000 employees worldwide, and in 1959 Krupp was the fourth largest in Europe (after Royal Dutch, Unilever, and Mannesmann), and the 12th largest in the world. In 1999, the Krupp Group merged with its largest competitor, Thyssen AG; the combined companyThyssenKrupp, became Germany's fifth-largest firm and one of the largest steel producers in the world. "[29], In 1893, a mechanical engineer by the name of Rudolf Diesel approached Gustav with a patent for a "new kind of internal combustion engine employing autoignition of the fuel". This prize piqued Friedrich's interest. Gustav's skepticism toward the Nazis waned when Hitler dropped plans to nationalize business, the Communists gained seats in the 6 November elections, and Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher suggested a planned economy with price controls. Krupp's exhibits caused a sensation in the engineering world, and the Essen works became famous.[11]. The modern use derives from an account in the Hebrew Bible, in which pronunciation of this word was used to distinguish Ephraimites, whose dialect used a differently sounding first consonant. However, Bertha owned all but four shares. Dennis Bratcher, writing for Christian website The Voice, states "there are always those who loudly decry the use of the abbreviation 'Xmas' as some kind of blasphemy against Christ and Christianity". Krupp used almost 100,000 slave labourers, housed in poor conditions and many worked to death. Alfried was condemned to 12 years in prison and the "forfeiture of all [his] property both real and personal," making him a pauper. After two years of heavy losses, a modest net profit of 40 million DM (US$29.2 million) followed in 1994. In modern English, a shibboleth can have a sociological meaning, referring to any in-group word or phrase that can distinguish members from outsiders even when not used by a hostile other group[clarify]. WebThe local English pronunciation of the name of the city has varied over time.

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