She was elected less than 24 hours after she received the call. Some of the older entries may be more accurately be described as warriors, and some as militia.Entries in this chronological list are accompanied by dates of birth and death, branch of Islam . FII Media Private Limited | All rights reserved. She supported him morally and financially at the time when he attained his Prophethood. Aisha, or Aisha bint Abu Bakr, was one of Muhammads wives after Khadijas death and is said to have been his favorite wife after Khadija. John Renard notes in his Historical Dictionary of Sufism (2005), She is one of the few women who consistently merited a place in hagiographic anthologies over the centuries.. In this article we will look at our top 10 greatest Islamic warriors ever. Even if she did live, it would be a life without any opportunities indeed, a living death. Aishas participation in this battle has left her viewed negatively by Shia Muslims to this day. Bhutto spent nearly ten years in self-imposed exile but was able to return to Pakistan in October of 2007. Hafsa bint Umar was one of the wives of the Prophet Muhammad, and has been accredited to around 60 hadith, or sayings and doings of the Prophet. Here are some of the greatest Muslim women in Islamic history. Suscrbete a nuestra Newsletter para estar al tanto de las novedades del Centro. Samori Ture. This is the first and only time in the history of Morocco that the king did not get married in the capital. Abu Dharr of Herat, one of the leading scholars of the period, attached such great importance to her authority that he advised his students to study Sahih under no one else because of the quality of her scholarship. Even issuing her own fatwa allowing the practice of men and women praying shoulder to shoulder, Umm Al-Darda continues to be remembered as one of the most ground-breaking and influential female scholars of Islamic history. There was Fathima bint Muhammad al-Samarqandi, a jurist who advised her more famous husband on how to issueFatwas. Sayyida was born in the Kingdom of Granada, the last Muslim ruled state in Spain. In the early parts of her life, she was a slave in South Iraq till she gained her freedom. Many men and women approached her often, for her spiritual guidance, and her knowledge of the Sufi traditions. Women are elevated in Islam and hold a high status, despite the stereotypes and tropes of the "oppressed Muslim woman." Ali Olomi, a professor and historian of Middle Eastern and Islamic history and host of the #HeadOnHistory podcast, wrote an excellent Twitter thread which details some of the many amazing warrior women throughout Islam's history. This is the first and only time in the history of Morocco that the king did not get married in the capital. Her age is debated, but most traditional sources state that she was married to him at the age of six or seven. Madrid El almacenamiento o acceso tcnico que se utiliza exclusivamente con fines estadsticos annimos. Emmeline Pankhurst 1858 - 1928 Wikipedia. Likewise, he told me that she was a woman who stood up in times of war for the rights of Afghans. She was extremely protective of her father and defended him from non-Muslims who persecuted him. Khawla bint al-Azwar (Arabic: ) was an Arab Muslim female warrior and Companion of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. When she later. Saladin led the Muslim pushback against the European powers during the third crusade. Arwa achieved the highest rank a daii can achieve, that of hujjat, in 1084 A.D. She was the first woman to earn the rank in Islamic history. Sumayyah and her family, however, had no such tribal protection and were seen as easy targets by those persecuting the then-small Muslim community. Operating within male dominion, the position of Muslim women is often questioned more than the rest. This standardized copy is still used by Muslims today. In seventh century Damascus, there was Umm al-Darda, a prominent jurist whose students included Abdul Malik ibn Marwan, the then Caliph himself. Tourism Wallada, a princess of Almohads during the eleventh century, was renowned for her knowledge of poetry and rhetoric; her conversations were remarkable for their depth and brilliance. After the death of the Uthman, she led an army against the 4th caliph Ali in the Battle of the Camel in 656 CE. . Craftwork In the Battle of Uhud, she was a companion and protector of Prophet Muhammed. 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She was a wealthy merchant and was able to successfully run the business her late father left her. She died on 3rd August 2005, aged 88 years. Landscape Beliefnet is a lifestyle website providing feature editorial content around the topics of inspiration, spirituality, health, wellness, love and family, news and entertainment. Nusaybah Bint Ka'ab was a member of th. She comforted him and was instrumental in convincing Muhammad to accept that Allah had spoken to him. Before marrying the Prophet, she had been widowed twice and had decided that she would not marry again. A survey of the texts reveals that most of the important compilers of ahadith from the earliest period received many of them from women teachers, as the immediate authorities. Tomyris: Warrior Queen of the Massagetae. Ashifa bint Abdullah was the first Muslim woman to be appointed by Caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab as market inspector and manager. As such, they were not technically Muslims. She is known to have narrated 2210 hadiths(traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad which, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunna), constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Quran) about various topics including those about inheritance and pilgrimage. On the day when Allah will be the Judge and Muhammad will be the petitioner, and your limbs will give evidence against you, your father, who made you the ruler of the Muslims, will receive His punishment. Culinary Giving lectures in mosques and universities in Baghdad, she is strongly remembered for her transmission and explanation of hadith, and was held in high regard throughout the region as one of the most sought-after scholars. This first book was called the Copy of Zayd ibn Thabit after the scribe who compiled the text. Of the two he sent to be trained under the leading calligraphist of the day, Ishaq-bint-Hammad, one was the slave girl Thana, who his pupils say, wrote the original measured scripts, never since equaled., Umm-al-Sad of the eleventh century was famous for her familiarity with Muslim traditions. Nusayba bint al-Harith, also known as Umm al-Athia, took care of casualties on the battlefield and took care of providing them with food and water and first aid and, moreover, performed circumcision. She, along with her first husband rebuild the city of Tetouan in Northern Morocco, which she later ruled alone after the death of her husband in 1515. Sayyida was an unconventional queen with the title of pirate queen often being ascribed to her. Lozen 772 97 Birthday: 1840 Born In: United States Died On: 17 June 1889 Famous As: Warrior A warrior and prophet of the Chihenne Chiricahua Apache, Lozen was the sister of Victorio, a prominent chief. She lost the Battle but it lay a prominent mark on her legacy. Ideals of sacrifice, love, faith, devotion, and intelligence are underlying themes in all of these womens lives, and in the spirit of remembering those who helped changed the course of history, here are 10 examples of some of the most influential women from Islamic history: Khadija bint al-Khuwaylid was the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad, and remains one of the most powerful and inspiring figures in Islamic history. Travelling all the way to Syria, she taught both male and female students and even served as the personal counselor for the famous ruler Nur-al-din Zangi. It was a monogamous union which lasted for 25 years till Khadijas death. Fu Hao (d. c. 1200 BC) Lady Fu Hao was one of the 60 wives of Emperor Wu Ding of ancient China's Shang Dynasty. Al-Baghdadiyyah remains an inspiring example of the power of what one woman can do with simply a pen, as her lectures, writing, and calligraphy continue to empower and touch the hearts of Muslims across the world. Conferences Khadijah Bint Khuwaylid The Messenger of Allah () said: The best of its women is Khadijah bint Khuwailid, and the best of its women is Mariam bint 'Imran (Virgin Mary) Al-Tirmidhi (Sahih) Khadijah was the first wife of Prophet Muhammad . Inmigration He made men realize that they had to fear a day when the female infant buried alive shall be asked about the sin for which she was killed [2] and on that day, every perpetrator of this evil shall have to account for this heinous act. This family was reputed for improving the railway, waterworks, a postal system and transport lines in the vicinity. Her main focus was on forcing local rulers to accept vassal status and permit safe passage to Hausa traders. According to Herodotus, Xerxes said these famous lines: "My men became women, and women became men." Later towns grew within these walls and many of them are still in existence and are known as Aminas walls. While in prison, al-Ghazali and members of the Brotherhood underwent many inhumane punishments. Shall he keep it with disgrace or bury it (alive) in the dust?[1]. Her father, Abu Bakr, became the first caliph, and Aisha was one of the leaders of the opposition against the third caliph. AboutPressCopyrightContact. When her brother was taken captive, she donned on armor and a green shawl and charged into the Byzantine troops, the Muslims rallied to her and defeated the Byzantines freeing the prisoners. After marrying the Prophet Muhammad, Hafsa memorized the entire Quran, which was at the time still only an oral text and was not written down. If you continue to use this site, you agree with it. Halal After martial law was lifted, Bhutto became Zias main political opposition. Umm Ammara was a participant in the second covenant of . She co-ruled with her first two husbands and became the queen in her own right in 1067 A.D. Arwa married for a third time in 1091 A.D. and continued to rule Yemen at the side of her third husband, Saba ibn Ahmad. El almacenamiento o acceso tcnico es necesario para la finalidad legtima de almacenar preferencias no solicitadas por el abonado o usuario. The Companions saw the Prophet (saws)s love for his daughters and his warm behavior with them and were stunned at the fact that it was even possible to show females such affection. She taught Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, the greatest scholar of her time. She was employed as the private secretary to the Umayyad Caliph of Islamic Spain, Al Hakam the Second. Zaynab bint Sulayman, by contrast, was a princess by birth. She also led her armies in battle and conquered new territories. By creating powerful spaces of womens involvement in the growth and understanding of the religion, we as a community stand in debt to their inspiring legacy. Calligraphy One of the Prophets wives after the death of Khadija, Aisha has been accredited with narrating over 2,000 hadith, or the sayings and doings of the Prophet Muhammad. Born in Basra, Iraq, Rabia was one of the most important Muslim Sufi saints and poets. Women who stand out as rulers include Arwa al-Sulayhi, an eleventh century Yemeni who ruled for 71 years and was known as the Noble Lady; and Sultana Shajarat al-Durr, who took control of Egypt after the death of her husband in the thirteenth century. Here is a list of some of them (of whom I am aware of): RANI (Queen) ABBAKKA of Chowta:. Her verses aroused the tumultuous enthusiasm of the otherwise grave poets of Cordoba and her library was one of the finest and most complete in the kingdom. A Muslim soldier is a Muslim who has engaged in war, or is trained in the art of war.Some of the more contemporary belong to state or national military forces and are more accurately described as soldiers. Muslim's had some tough female warriors who contributed during wars who were just as capable or better than men. Women continued to hold important spiritual and political roles after Muhammads birth and death. She is known to have built many schools throughout her realm, and improved the economy significantly. She is known to have often fed and clothed the poor and also assisted her relatives in need. The women I encountered were far from mediocre when compared to men and, indeed, some excelled way beyond their male contemporaries. Aisha passed away in 678 AD, in Medina. In this Article the Story of Zaynab-bint-Ali(SA) is missing who with bravery after the battle of Karbala took responsibility of taking the Women safe to Madinah.. And Note I am not Shia.. Feminism In India is an award-winning digital intersectional feminist media organisation to learn, educate and develop a feminist sensibility among the youth. After this loss on the battlefield, she retreated to the home and started translating hadiths and spreading the Islamic word. The Prophet (saws) taught them that there is no difference in the worth between believers on the basis of gender. John Renard notes in his, (2005), She is one of the few women who consistently merited a place in hagiographic anthologies over the centuries., Lubna lived in the 10th century CE, and was brought up in the palace of Sultan Abd al -Rahman III. You may employ your deceit and cunning efforts, but I swear by Allah that the shame and disgrace which you have earned by the treatment meted out to us cannot be eradicated.. Following her marriage, Aisha worked to spread Islam and continued to do so after Muhammads death. Did you know about the existence of all of these absolute icons? Jahjaga was a complete political unknown at the time but received a phone call asking if she would be willing to take up the mantle of the presidency. Iltutmish felt Raiza was worthy of the Delhi throne and appointed her as his heir instead of any of his sons. Aishaa grave amongst others, in Jannatul al-Baqi (Madina). Slide in our DMs onInstagramortweet us@MuslimGirl and let us know which women and their stories inspired you the most! His wife, Khadija (ra), who was more than his confidante and companion, a wealthy businesswoman and trader, supported him morally and financially when he was granted prophethood; Aisha bint Abu Bakr (ra), transmitted expanses of knowledge from him, became a great jurist and scholar; Umm Salama (ra)s counsel was accepted by the Prophet himself, at the time of the treaty of Hudaibiyyah; Hafsa (ra), daughter of Umar ibn Al-Khattab was the first person to be entrusted with the written Quran after the death of her father. When the battle of Uhud began, all the women brought water to the wounded, one of those women was Umm Umaarah. Sharifa Fatima of Yemen was a powerful ruler who bucked the social constraints placed on her. A member of the Banu Najjar tribe living in Medina, Nusaybah was the sister of Abdullah bin Ka'ab, and the mother of Abdullah and Habib ibn Zayd al-Ansari. She is the founder of a number of institutions which include a mosque complex in Istanbul which is home to a Madrasa and a public kitchen;cifte hamam (double bathhouse for both men and women), two schools and a womens hospital. Photography The Prophets household was looked up to by all his Companions as a beacon of guidance. She was in charge of the Royal library at the Andalusian court, which had around 500 thousand books at that time and was one of the most important libraries of the world. Rights of women, a concept previously unheard of or even thought about were being upheld and protected. Little is known about Sumayyahs early years beyond that she was born a slave but later became a free woman. She is said to have established and taught at multiple schools before her death in 678 A.D. Hajar and Maryam are two of the most important women in the Islamic faith but were born many years before Muhammad. During her life, Arwa supported Imam at-Tayyib, and she became the head of a new group of Muslims that became known as the Taiyabi Ismaili. Arwa al-Sulayhi, also called the Little Queen of Sheba, was the longest-reigning ruler of Yemen. Islam These great women of Islamic history were unafraid to make a name for themselves in their time and continue to be remembered today. 1. She originally hired Muhammad to work for her but eventually proposed to him. The only direct portrait of Joan of Arc has not survived; this artist's interpretation was painted between AD 1450 and 1500. This text was given into Hafsas keeping until Uthman became caliph and used the Copy of Zayd ibn Thabit to standardize the text of the Quran. She was killed by a suicide bomber two short months later on December 27, 2007. The lives of these women have often been ignored while studying and talking about Islamic history. Many Muslims continue to this day to follow many of the hadith that Aisha herself narrated on both the private life of the Prophet and his sunnah, as well as pertaining to other religious matters such as inheritance, pilgrimage, and more. I am an avid reader and writer, passionate about the fight for gender equality of all sexes. by B. Hawaya Unveils What British Muslims Really Think About Marriage, The Womens Movement From the Street to the Home, Fatima Binte Muhammad: The Best Of Role-Model For Women. She was elected in 1988 after Zia died in a plane crash and reelected for a second non-consecutive term in 1993. And he led it successfully. She became the last person in Islamic history to hold the title of al Hurra (meaning the queen). Among her students was Abu Bakr ibn Hazim, the celebrated judge of Madina who was ordered by Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz to compile all the ahadith on her authority. While all Muslims respect and love Fatimah, she is especially important to Shiites. Boudica (30 AD - 61 AD) One of the fiercest, most dignified, and striking warriors who fought to keep Britain free from foreign control, Queen Boudica is remembered for her struggle against the Romans. Enraged by her defiance, Abu Jahal, a Meccan and Quraysh leader, killed Sumayyah. Like many other Sahabiyat, Nusaybah was initially there to aide the soldiers during battle. During her time in office, citizens of Kosovo consistently ranked the Office of the President as the most trusted institution. History does not tell us much about her years prior to Islam. Most striking was their caliber for intellectual achievement and the respect and recognition they received for it., An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is an eighteenth century poem which laments the villagers buried in a churchyard. According to him, the current emphasis placed on the subjugation of women in Islamic society made it really important to seek out the real historical records of womens place in Islam. Likewise, Umm al-Khayr Amat al-Khaliq is regarded as the last great hadith scholar of the Hijaz. . Hurrem Sultan (1500CE), also called Roxelana, was enslaved in the Crimean Turks raids on Ukraine, during the reign of Yazuz Sultan Salim and was presented at the Ottoman palace to King Suleyman, who later married her. Image rights belong to the respective owners. The Prophet is also reported to have said in regards to his beloved Fatima: Whoever injures Fatima, he injures me; and whoever injures me injures Allah; and whoever injures Allah practices unbelief. Two are grammarians a much respected branch of knowledge, related to the use of the full range of excellence of the Arabic language. It was with this newly acquired status that women soared high and made their distinguishing mark in history, so as to not be left behind when the greats of Islam were glorified. The Centre for Decrees and Doctrines (Dr al-Ift wal Aqid). Ibn Hajar studied from 53 women; As-Sakhawi had ijazas from 68 women and As-Suyuti studied from 33 women, a quarter of his shuyukh. She was born in a merchant family in the Quraysh tribe of Mecca, and effectively learned the business of trade from her father. The following is a brief account of some of these women. Al Tirmidhi (Sahih) Memorizing the Quran and numerous hadith from an early age, Nafisa remained one of the most inspirational persons of her time in regards to Islamic jurisprudence and theology. Muslim military leaders. He hides himself from the people, because of that which is announced to him. Mastering Hanafi jurisprudence as well as the theology and sciences behind hadith, her transmissions of the hadith of the Prophet Mohammed were one of the most trusted and reliable. Fatimah accepted Islam at the age of five and was one of the first Muslims. Soon after she came to power she shifted the capital of the kingdom from Sanaa to Jibla, to be in a better position to rule and also to avenge the late kings death by destroying the Najahid ruler, Said ibn Najar. Her mother's name was Umm Ruman and her father was Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, the Prophet's r best friend. 'Aishah bint Abu Bakr (614 - 678) 'Aishah, the third wife of Prophet Muhammad r, was born into a Muslim family. To add to all of these, she was also a poet and a calligrapher. However, her knowledge and expertise were not limited to writing and translating, but she was, and is known to have taught mathematical equations to children on the street. Amina chose to learn military skills and emerged as the leading warrior of Zazzua cavalry. She defied the growing patriarchal constructs by taking to public speech even though she continued to veil herself. Khadija, also called Khadijah bint al-Khuwaylid, was the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad. ISLAM'S GREATEST FEMALE WARRIOR. These are the stories of warrior women. After spending much of her life in Egypt, Nafisa became one of the most sought-after scholars of her time even teaching two of the most prominent scholars of the time, Abu Abdullah Mohammed Idris Al-Shafii and Ahmad Ibn Hanbal. Greatest Warriors in Islam#warriors #islamic #shorts #islamicstatus #shortsfeed , and effectively learned the business of trade from her father. After becoming a jurist, Islamic scholar, and a teacher of hadith, Umm Al-Darda went on to lecture at the Damascus Mosque, teaching both men and women in the same room. "[Remember] when you [fled and] climbed [the mountain] without . Soon after she came to power she shifted the capital of the kingdom from Sanaa to Jibla, to be in a better position to rule and also to avenge the late kings death by destroying the, Sayyida was born in the Kingdom of Granada, the last Muslim ruled state in Spain. She nursed the wounded and the dying in the battlefield during the Battle of Badr on 13th March 624 CE. Sayyida Nafisa, the great granddaughter of the Prophet Muhammad (saws), and daughter of Hassan bin Ali bin Abu Talib , was a teacher of Islamic Jurisprudence, whose students travelled from faraway places and one of them was Imam Shafii, another great scholar, and founder of the Shafii School of Fiqh. Jurisprudence Fatima al-Batayahiyyah, was a distinguished elderly woman of the eighth century who taught her students the celebrated works of Sahih al-Bukhari for days on end in the Prophets mosque itself. Muhammad (Arabic: , pronounced [muammad];c. 570 CE - 8 June 632 CE) was a prophet, Arab religious, social, and political leader. Refusing to do so, Abu Jahal, a Meccan and Quraysh leader, murdered Sumayyah for her belief in Islam. Order within 20 hrs 40 mins Khawla bint Al-Azwar. She was the first female president of Kosovo and the youngest to ever be elected to that office. After Khadija died, Fatimah also tended to her fathers wounds when he was injured by those persecuting the early Muslims. She used to teach hadith andfiqh, at the mosque. These were exceptional women who not only participated in society but actively reformed it. Dr. Akram Nadwi, author of a 40-volume collection of women scholars in Islam, Al-Muhaddithat, has, in his research, unearthed the accounts of many such scholars whose legacy and contributions are forgotten by now. The contribution of women in the preservation of ahadith has been great indeed. Fatima of Cordoba was a tenth century librarian who oversaw 70 public libraries containing 400,000 books. Sign up for our to receive exclusive content straight to your inbox and stay up to date with the latest news. He is best known for his role in the Third Crusade where he fought the legendary English King Richard the Lionheart. At the age of nineteen, she founded the Jamaat al-Sayyidat al-Muslimaat (Muslim Womens Association) which had a membership of three million throughout the country by the time it was dissolved by government order in 1964. This group survived in Yemen even after the Ayyubid invasion of southern Arabia. Islamophobia (Image from Wikipedia Commons.). This incredible feat inspired many others, including women, to learn and memorize the Holy Quran as well. Video Muslim women, contributed to the legacy of Islam as scholars, jurists, rulers, benefactresses, warriors, businesswomen, and legal experts. Ethnography It was Khadijah who, through a friend, approached the Prophet with a marriage proposal, to which he consented. Privacy Policy | Terms of Use |Store Terms | Copyright The Muslim Vibe 2021. Even more distinguished was Karimah al-Marwaziyyah, who was considered the best authority on the Sahih of Al-Bukhari in her own time. The latter is reported to have said that in whichever direction he turned himself, he could see her defending and protecting him. Islam placed paradise under the feet of women when they became mothers; they became the reason why fathers would enter paradise, and were also made such an integral part of a husbands faith that without honoring his wife, his faith remained incomplete. The chronicles of the time address her as a brave, independent woman, possessing wonderful intellect and reasoning. Her name as a warrior is associated with many battles like theSecond Bait-ul-Aqabah, the Battle of Uhud, the Battle of Hunayn, the war of Yamamah, and the Treaty of Hudaybiyah. She financially sponsored his education for him. The four greatest women in Islam as mentioned by the Prophet Muhammad PBUH Fatima RA: She was called Um abiha (the mother of her father). The daughter of Abu Bakr, one of the Prophets closest companions, Aisha was influenced heavily by her fathers role in the early days of Islam. Given the social context in which these women lived, everything that they could achieve required them to put up a fight, to be fearless in the face of constraints, and unapologetic of their own identities. Saladin led the Muslim pushback against the European powers during the third crusade. However, she did take an oath of personal allegiance to him. Students travelled here from all over the world to study Islamic studies, languages and sciences. The 18th century Afghan warrior poet Nazo Tokhi was the mother of the founder of the Hotak dynasty. Both Uthman and Abu Bakr refused Hafsas hand, but Muhammad married Hafsa roughly a year after her husband, Khunais, died. Her name was Layla but, and received the title Al Shifa which means The Healing.. Imams are the spiritual leaders of Shiites and regarded as the rightful successors of Muhammad. Despite living a short life, Fatimas influence on the Muslim community remains one of the most powerful in the teachings of faith, devotion, modesty, and strength. If your wrath is incurred, it incurs the wrath of Allah; and if you are pleased, it makes Allah pleased too. She refused his offer in order to retain her autonomy. When selectively studying history, as an attempt to unearth these females heroes, one is surprised by the presence of so many women who deserved to be known, but never were. Her father, Shams-ud-din Iltutmish, was part of a dynasty that based succession on merit rather than birth order. It was an unconventional marriage where the Prophet was 25, while Khadijah was 40. At a time when trades and businesses were completely dominated by men, she was one of the most successful traders of Mecca and was known for her honesty and benevolence. 1. Rabia was known in different names in different parts of the world, such as Hazrat bibi, Rabia Al Basri, Rabia Basari. When the tide was turning against the Afghans she rushed into battle with folksong on her lips rousing the flagging morale of her compatriots. She was well versed in religious sciences, the study of the Quran, poetry, history and the hadiths. Muslim cleric, a military strategist, and the founder and leader of the Wassoulou Empire Samuri Ture. In excitement of perceived victory, the Muslim archers on the hill deserted their positions and neglected Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH . I did not find anything more relieving to me than sitting with scholars and exchanging (knowledge) with them.. . I have sought worship in everything. Living through a period of tumultuous inter-fighting and the horrifying Battle of Karbala, Zainab continues to inspire millions in her courageous devotion to both her family and her faith. She chose the life of asceticism over domesticity as she declined various marriage proposals. During the time of Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz, she was considered a great authority on traditions related by Aisha (ra), the wife of the Prophet (saws). In addition to passing along spiritual wisdom, Aisha played a political and military role after Muhammads death. When she was given by her master to Habib Dahhun, the great hadith scholar of Spain, on his visit to the holy city of Jerusalem, he was so impressed by her learning that he freed her, married her and brought her to Andalusia. Nusaybah bint Ka'ab is most famous for her brave efforts in defending Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in the Battle of Uhud. The latter was unsurpassed for the beauty and perfection of her calligraphy; the splendid illuminations of her manuscripts were the despair of the most accomplished artists of the age. This article (and the list of women mentioned) is in no way exhaustive of the women we must know of and duly appreciate, but a mere subset of the many people in history gone unnoticed. She, along with her first husband rebuild the city of Tetouan in Northern Morocco, which she later ruled alone after the death of her husband in 1515. As you may know from reading the Quran because we know youre diligently reading all Ramadan, right?! Muhammad himself had an uncle who was a tribal leader and worked to protect Muhammad, Khadija and their children. Born in Iran, Al-Baghdadiyyah was the daughter of the famous scholar Abu Nasr Al-Dinawari, who helped nurture in her an incredible sense of intelligence and ability to memorize hadith. After being kidnapped and tortured, Sumayyah was given the chance to renounce her new faith in Islam and reject the Prophet Muhammad. Utilizamos cookies propias y de terceros para fines analticos y para mostrarle publicidad personalizada en base a un perfil elaborado a partir de sus hbitos de navegacin (por ejemplo, pginas visitadas). During the Battle of Karbala, which saw her brother Hussain along with many other members of her family brutally murdered, Zainab was forced to march to Damascus in Syria under Yazids rule. Her family moved to Morocco after the fall of the empire in the year 1492. With the arrival of Islam, women were able to practice as physicians and treat both men and women particularly on the battlefields. After she took power, Raiza continued to shock the conservative Muslim society. Her father was a cousin of As-Saffah, the founder of the Abbassid dynasty, and had been a governor of Basrah, Oman, and Bahrain during the caliphate of Al-Mansur. She reportedly passed away in 632 AD, and as per her will was buried in an unmarked grave by her husband. Nusaybah bint Ka'ab, a warrior who sacrificed her life for Prophet Muhammad. Al-Samarqandi remains a powerful example of the role of women in Islamic jurisprudence, scholarship, and hadith transmissions, despite the often male-centric view on Islamic scholarship. She chose the life of asceticism over domesticity as she declined various marriage proposals. Architecture During these periods of hardship, it is said that she had visions of Prophet Muhammad (saws) and also experienced some miracles as she got food, refuge and strength in those difficult times. She married Yasir ibn Amir and had a son named Ammar, though some claim she had at least two other sons. The question persists today. As the battle went on, the Muslims were winning but due to the archer's disobeying Muhammed (S.A.W.) She also reportedly fasted during the day and prayed most of the night, while also performing hajj almost 30 times throughout her lifetime. She survived the siege only to be betrayed by the politicking of her ministers and rivals who roused the mob against her. She was an intellectual who expressed her political views in public and even supported poets and writers regardless of their religion, religious scholars and the needy. Nature Mariyah-al-Qibtiyyah, an Egyptian, wrote on Alchemy in the seventh century. Six women who are the heroes of Islamic History We have lots of female heroes in today's age like Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai, advocating for female education and building schools while attending Oxford University. Garden Ali Olomi, a professor and historian of Middle Eastern and Islamic history and host of the #HeadOnHistory podcast, wrote an excellent Twitter thread which details some of the many amazing warrior women throughout Islams history. However, after hiring the Prophet for taking her trading caravans to Syria, she was impressed by his honesty and reconsidered the prospect of marriage. Established in the year 859, the Qarawwiyyin mosque, through which Arabic numbers became known, and used, in Europe, had the oldest and possibly the first university in the world and is still functioning. Ayesha, daughter of Prince Ahmed of Andalus, who lived in the eleventh century excelled in rhyme and oratory. Religions After 30 years of rule, she was deposed by her son-in-law, and her later fate remains unknown. Saladin was born in Tikrit, modern-day Iraq, in 1137 or 1138 in a family with Kurdish ancestry. When she regained consciousness a day later, her first questions were of the Prophets well-being. Another contemporary of Muhammad, Khawlah bint al-Azwar was a legendary warrior. She was a wealthy woman and trader who managed her own commercial dealings. However, my knowledge of them is limited, but, I know of numerous INDIAN FEMALE QUEENS/WARRIORS who fought for their kingdom. She is credited for narrating well over 2,000 hadiths, the various sayings whose authority is second only to the Quran. Her half-brother, Rukn ud din Firuz, became the sultan instead. She would famously fight alongside Prophet Muhammad at the Battle of Uhud. Featured Image Credit: http://www.pinsdaddy.com. The earliest known female general of the Shang Dynasty, Fu Hao, lived about 3,000 years ago during China's Bronze Age, according to a biography published in 2002 in Women in World History: A . Both enjoy the same rights and duties to learn and teach. Al Shifa bint Abdulla al-Quraishiyya al-Adawiyah was amongst the wise women of the time. This was Arab society before 621 CE, where a female wasnt even worth keeping alive. She is also known as, Sayyida was an unconventional queen with the title of pirate queen often being ascribed to her. Timea Csanyi shares the inspirational legacy of some of Islam's finest female scholars. Ibn Qayyuma was the tutor of one of the sons of Caliph Mansur, of the eighth century. Supporting her mother and father, Fatima went on to marry one of the Prophets most beloved companions, Ali ibn Abu Talib, and bore five children in total: Hassan and Hussain, Mohsin, Zainab, and Umm Kulthum. For Sisters in Islam finding liberation in their faith has involved a two-prong strategy: theological education and political advocacy. Some early Muslims were protected by virtue of the fact that they had powerful friends or relatives in the local tribes. The Muslim Vibe's shared team account! Her faith and devotion to God remained remarkably strong despite being witness to some of the most trying days of early Islam. Her ideas of spirituality are considered of utmost importance in the early Sufi tradition, and she is considered one of the founders of the tradition of. In the twelfth century, there was Shuhadah bint Ahmad al-Ibrii, who studied in Baghdad with prominent scholars of ahadith and became a great scholar and jurist herself and was well-known as the Pride of Women. Zainab bint Kamal taught more than 400 books ofahadith in some of the most prestigious academic institutions in Damascus and exhibited exceptional patience which won the hearts of her students. In this article we will look at our top 10 greatest Islamic warriors ever. While capacity to wage war or inflict violence is neither glorious nor empowering, the lives of these women are a challenge to simplistic and reductive understandings of women in premodern history. The best known is Gordafarid, "formed as a hero," a champion archer who defends the Turanian White Fortress against the valiant Sohrab. Whatever may be the truth behind these speculations, it cannot be denied that such talented and well-learned women existed, but their lives were not well documented. A lot is not known about Lubna as there are very few historical records about her. Does Islam Permit Sex-Reassignment Surgery? Religion Dispatches is your independent, non-profit, award-winning source for the best writing on critical and timely issues at the intersection of religion, politics, and . When the king and queen died in a series of traumatic events, and the prince could not rule because of his ill health and paralysis, Arwa came to the throne as the singular ruler of Yemen. Art Her work for Sufism is outstanding. Of the women warriors, she was the only one to command an army during this war and had a total of 5 ships under her command. After them were Abidah al-Madaniyya, Abdah bint Bishr, Umm Umar Ath-Thaqafiyyah, Zaynab, the granddaughter of Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas, Nafisah bint al-Hassan ibn Ziyad, Khadijah Umm Muhammad, Abdah bint Abdar Rahman and many other women who excelled in delivering public lectures on ahadith . El almacenamiento o acceso tcnico es necesario para crear perfiles de usuario para enviar publicidad, o para rastrear al usuario en una web o en varias web con fines de marketing similares. As long as there have been civilizations, there have been unending wars for power and land. Aisha bint Saad bin Abi Waqqas was a jurist and scholar and also the teacher of the renowned scholar, Imam Malik, the founder of the Maliki School of Fiqh. From the Eastern Iranian tongue, "Tomyris" means "brave," and during her life, she showed no shortage of this trait. 7 Legendary But Unremembered Muslim Women In Islamic History. The most admired marathi poetess is . She also fought in the battle against Musaylamah Al-Kadthab, in which she lost her son, and herself sustained many injuries. Closer home in India we had Razia Sultana, the only female to sit on Indias throne in Delhi for four years in the thirteenth century. In 1889 Emmeline Pankhurst founded the Women's Franchise League, followed by the Women's Social and Political Union in 1905. Born in 1917, in Egypt, she was an activist and was closely associated with theMuslim Brotherhood. However, Shaka was assassinated by his two half-brothers, Dingane and Mhlangana. Bhutto was hailed as a reformer, but she struggled to deal with Pakistans widespread poverty, governmental corruption and crime. O Fatima! After Saba died, Arwa al-Sulayhi was once again the sole ruler of Yemen. Their challenges, accomplishments, etc deserved to be known but never were. She sustained 12 injuries in this battle before she fainted. Muslim women ensured that they left behind a legacy when it came to intellectual and academic feats. She was the head of the Pakistan Peoples Party and endured frequent house arrest under the military dictator Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq. TikTok video from Riley (@rologirl_): "One of my role models #muslim #PerfectAsWeAre #niqab #history #women #warrior #goat #muslimtiktok #islamichistory #hijab #foru #foryoupage". During her lifetime, she worked as a secretary to the Khalifa, as a scribe, and later as the personal secretary of Abd Al-Rahmans son Hakam II Ibn Abdur-Rahman. TMV is a grassroots media platform with an aim to inspire, inform and empower Western Muslims; through powerful and engaging Islamic content. 1. The French favored her cousin but she successfully defeated them and rallied the people to herOne of her most savvy tactics was using French law against the French colonists even going so far as hiring a lawyer to fight in court for herShe would become a symbol of resistance. Living through a period of tumultuous inter-fighting and the horrifying Battle of Karbala, Zainab continues to inspire millions in her courageous devotion to both her family and her faith. Jahjaga still refuses to give out the name of the person who called her in 2011. She became the last person in Islamic history to hold the title of al Hurra (meaning the queen). Razia Sultan was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate in India. Also Read:#IndianWomenInHistory: Remembering The Untold Legacies of Indian Women. Amazon.com: The Warrior Women of Islam: Female Empowerment in Arabic Popular Literature (Library of Middle East History): 9781848859272: Kruk, Remke: Books Books Literature & Fiction History & Criticism Buy new: $26.95 FREE Returns FREE delivery Monday, November 7 Or fastest delivery Wednesday, November 2. Khawla bint al Azwar ( flourished 600s AD) was a Muslim Arab poet and warrior who accompanied her elder brother during the Islamic conquests of Syria, Palestine, and Jordan. Arwa al-Sulayhi was also a daii, a Muslim who invites people to join Islam and works to create converts through dialogue. Khadija UsmanullahPK/Wikimedia.org Khadija, also called Khadijah bint al-Khuwaylid, was the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad.. She was, however, a great deal more than just Muhammads wife. Aisha bint Muhammad ibn Abdul Hadi in Damascus was a scholar who taught many prominent Muslim male scholars and also possessed the shortest chain of narrators back to the Prophet Muhammad (saws). Al Ghazaniya and Safia, both of Seville, were distinguished for their poetical and oratorical genius of the eleventh century. Both refused Hafsas hand in marriage, however, the Prophet stepped in and married her a little after a year of her becoming a widow. greatest female warrior in islam TikTok : Beauty of Islam(@beauty_of_islam1400), (@swaggynaser), PedroMoralesMagonzalesMorotto(@itsfl1ppa), Gabriel(@gabrielsoufan . Coming from a small family without any ties to powerful elites or tribal connections, Sumayyah and her family were seen as easy targets by the leading Quraysh tribes who were then persecuting the growing Muslim community. Aishas intelligence and breadth of knowledge led her to have a major influence on Islams emphasis on learning. During her lifetime, she worked as a secretary to the Khalifa, as a scribe, and later as the personal secretary of Abd Al-Rahmans son Hakam II Ibn Abdur-Rahman. Most of Arabia was annexed in his life time in a series of coordinated campaigns. When Hafsa memorized the Quran, it was still an entirely oral text and so transmission of the Quran was reliant on human memory. 1. There are so many other rich histories of warrior women, tell me some of your favorite and let us collaboratively share their stories. Fathima bint al-Hasan ibn Ali Ad-Daqqaq al-Qushayri was a hadith scholar of the fifth and sixth centuries, who was celebrated not only for her piety and mastery of calligraphy, but also for her knowledge of ahadith and the quality of the isnads (chains of narrators) she knew. Yet what we need to note is that the symbols of Muslim women are not a recent trend. Philosophy She fought at her brother's side, and at the head of her own forces in independent command in numerous battles, and became famous for her fighting . Sumayyah bint Khayyat, also simply called Sumayyah, was the first martyr of Islam. So he slips away in the dark to stash his baby girl in a deep grave never to see, or hear, her again. She was praised by historians such as Ibn al-Jawzi, Ibn al-Khatib Baghdadi and Ibn Kathir. The role of women in Islam has been debated since the days of Muhammad in the seventh century. The phrase Muslim women in itself, evokes responses filled with prejudice that limit the scope of studying and appreciating the life of Muslim women throughout the world. In this male dominant narrative, women have been deprived of voice, and their lives, opinions and endeavours have gone unnoticed. #islamicshorts #islamicstatus #islam #islamicedit #shorts #foryou #allah #allahuakbar It was with this newly acquired status that women soared high and made their distinguishing mark in history, so as to not be left behind when the greats of Islam were glorified, writes ZAINAB ALIYAH. Here are some of the greatest Muslim women in Islamic history. Some of Aishas hadiths discuss matters related to Muhammads private life which Muslims are meant to imitate whenever possible, but a large number also dealt with inheritance, pilgrimage, eschatology and more. The female warrior samurai Hangaku Gozen in a woodblock print by Yoshitoshi (c. 1885). The Prophet said: "Sufficient for you among the women of mankind are Mariam bint 'Imran, Khadijah bint Khuwailid, Fatimah bint Muhammad and Asiyah the wife of Fir'awn.". Zainab, the daughter of the Prophets daughter Fatima and her husband Ali ibn Abu Talib, also remains one of the most powerful figures in Islamic history. Many men and women approached her often, for her spiritual guidance, and her knowledge of the Sufi traditions. Some of the most important women in Islam were not technically Muslims as they were born before Islam appeared on earth. History Many Muslim women in Islamic history have held important positions like mystics, rulers, warriors & intellectuals but are hardly remembered. The great-great-granddaughter of the Prophet Muhammad, Nafisa bint Al-Hassan was renowned for her devotion and intelligence even having a mosque named after her in Cairo. Khadijahs mausoleum in Mecca before destruction. If you do not fall in the battle of Maiwand, by God, someone is saving you as a symbol of shame!". Her contemporary, Persian historian Miraj-i-Siraj, described her as a great monarch, wise, just, generous, benefactor to her realm, dispenser of justice, protector of her people and leader of her armies; and endowed with all the admirable attributes and qualifications necessary for a king.. She was imprisoned in the year 1965 and was sentenced for 25 years, but was released under Anwar Sadats presidency. [4] During her reign, she faced threats from the Crusaders, Khuarzmein, Mongols and Seljuks. Sutayta al-Mahamili, a mathematician lived in the second half of the tenth century, and came from an educated family in Baghdad. Women who stand out as rulers includeArwa al-Sulayhi, an eleventh century Yemeni who ruled for 71 years and was known as the Noble Lady; and Sultana Shajarat al-Durr, who took control of Egypt after the death of her husband in the thirteenth century. In contrast to Khadija who was older than Muhammad, Aisha was much young than Muhammad when she married him. Lubna lived in the 10th century CE, and was brought up in the palace of Sultan Abd al -Rahman III. 1. Becoming a widow after her first husband Khunais ibn Hubhaifa died, Hafsa was offered in marriage to both Uthman and Abu Bakr, companions of the Prophet Muhammad. Amra bint Abdurrehaman was one of the great scholars of the eighth century who was a jurist, a Mufti, and a scholar of ahadith. However, apart from being a wife, she was also a scholar, and played a major role in the politics of her times. Her father encouraged her to become an Islamic leader, citing the example of Nusayba bint Kaab al Muzaniyya, a woman who fought alongside the Prophet Muhammad in the Battle of Uhud. Photo: @Susan Heep. Taken aback by the adoration of such a powerful and inspiring woman, the Prophet accepted the proposal, loving her and never remarrying until after her death. Constantly supporting the Prophet through some of the most challenging days of early Islam, Khadija remains one of the most powerful women of history. Al-Shafii and Ibn Hanbals teachings, in turn, lead to two of the main Sunni schools of thought the Shafii school of thought and the Hanbali school of thought. Despite reportedly being pursued by numerous kings and princes for marriage, Al-Samarqandi eventually married one of her fathers students, Alaa Al-Kasani, one of the top Hanafi jurists of their time. Literature The Holy Prophet Muhammad and his daughter Fatima had a loving and close relationship it was reported that every morning on his way to the mosque he would pass by Fatimas house and call out as-Salamu alaykum ya Ahla Bay annubuwwah wa ma din arr-risala (peace be with you, O Household of the Prophet and the Substance of the Message). Her lectures on Sahih al-Bukhari were attended by a large crowd of students and many even falsely claimed to have been her students. She was tutored by the queen and later married the prince at the age of 17. Shia Muslims believe that Fatimah was the only child of Muhammad and Khadijah to live to adulthood, not just the only one to have children who lived to adulthood. Umm Hakim was another tentpole wielding badass. Female Warriors in Islam | Female Fighters in History | Aaqa Ka Ghulam Nusaybah Bint Ka'ab (Also known as Umm 'Umarah. Even though her retreat is sometimes looked at as an example of womens failure in defying patriarchy, yet it was a historically important attempt at the same as it laid the ground for generations after her. Her ideas of spirituality are considered of utmost importance in the early Sufi tradition, and she is considered one of the founders of the tradition of Divine Love, which focusses on love of God for the sake of love itself, rather than coming out of fear or for favours. She remained in power until her death in 1138. She controlled a large part of the Western Mediterranean sea with her pirate fleet that she used to dominate over the Spanish and Portuguese ships. She learned a large number of ahadith and related 10,000 ahadith on the authority of her Madani teachers. Aisha is remembered as the youngest wife of Prophet Muhammed, and one of the most beloved. In the first-ever Muslim Women's Day, we pay tribute to some incredible women in Islamic history. Such is the case with Muslim women as well. Women have the same duty as men to restrain themselves and others from evil and encourage themselves and others towards good. It is arguably in part thanks to Hafsa that the Quran was so beautifully preserved. Khadija was also the first person to accept Islam, and she is referred to by Muslims as the Mother of Belivers. She supported Muhammad during his time as a prophet both morally and financially. A wealthy woman of her own right, she was a businesswoman and trader who managed her own commercial dealings across the region. When Khadija died in 620 A.D. in what is now Saudia Arabia, Muhammad dug her grave himself. , she had no intention of giving up her power, and instead of going to the capital city she made the King come over to Tetouan. She controlled a large part of the Western Mediterranean sea with her pirate fleet that she used to dominate over the Spanish and Portuguese ships. Nusaybah Bint k'ab Al Maziniyyah was one of those who embraced Islam with unbelievable strength. She is the perfect example of love, faith, and trust. These wars have produced some of the fiercest warriors the world has ever seen. 11. Soon after her fathers death she took over the business, and mainly traded between Mecca, Syria, and Yemen. After 30 years of rule, she was deposed by her son-in-law, and her later fate remains unknown. Aisha RA reported that she'd never seen anyone resemble the Prophet PBUH more in speech, character and conversation. She was invited by Hassan al-Banna, the Founder of the Muslim Brotherhood to merge theJamaat with his organization. Although it cost Sumayyah her life, her legacy and devotion continue to touch the hearts and lives of Muslims today. As one of the first female warriors in Islamic history, Nusaybah bint Ka'ab, also known as Umm 'Ammara, fought alongside Prophet Muhammad and was credited with . However, there are a large number of Muslim women in history who have held important positions like mystics, rulers, warriors, intellectuals among others. She was known to have full respect for the law, and the Anti-Corruption Agency cited Jahjaga and her cabinet as the best example of transparency and accountability among public officials. History, when read from a feminists perspective, can easily be seen as his story the story of men and their exploits, written by men. B. Abdulla Paperback. There was a family of women who ruled over Bhopal from 1819 to 1924, the last of who was Begum Kaikhursau Jahan. She forced the Umayyad general, Hajjaj ibn Yusuf into flight which she commemorated with a poem, You are a lion against me but were made into an ostrich which spreads its wings and flees on hearing the chirping of a sparrow.. She refused to wear a veil and adopted mens attire. Saladin With the full name of "An-Nasir Salah ad-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub" it's easy to see why he became more well known as Saladin. She is also known as Hakima Tatwan, meaning Governor of Tetouan. As the Shaykh describes: Initially I thought there might be about 30 to 40 women, but as the research progressed, the accounts kept growing until I realized I had no less than 8,000 biographical accounts of Muslim women who played major roles in the preservation and development of Islamic traditions since the time of the Prophet (PBUH) himself. She learned most of her skill from assisting her father, Saad al-Aslami, who was a physician. After the assassination of Hassan al-Banna, she played a pivotal role in regrouping theBrotherhood in the 1960s. After the death of the Prophet her relevance in the Islamic community increased manyfold. Al Fihrist-ibn-al-Nadim, an eighteenth century historian in his book names women with a varied range of skills. Zaynab, who received a fine education, acquired a mastery of ahadith and gained a reputation as one of the most distinguished women scholars of the time also counted many important men amongst her pupils. 1. She defeated Cornelis de Houtman in battle and when the Dutch robbed Aceh merchant ships she successfully fought them until they agreed to pay recompense. Xerxes, watching the battle from the distant hills, is said to have been proud of the bravery of Artemisia. Listen to Season 3 on Apple, Spotify and Google podcasts. Sumayyahs small family was among the earliest converts to Islam but among the least powerful in the greater Arab society. In the ninth century, there was Fatima al-Fihriyya in Fez, Morocco, who founded the al-Qarawwiyyin mosque.[3]. Atifete Jahjaga was the fourth president of the Republic of Kosovo. If she were only Muhammads spouse, Khadija would be but an interesting footnote in Islamic history. Many different talents and works have been attributed to her, but she never rose to popularity. She lived in seclusion, that ofttimes brought poverty, and yet her ascetic rigour did not fade. Queen Zubayda, wife of the ninth century Caliph, Harun Ar-Rasheed, is famous for her contributions building water resources and guest houses for pilgrims along major routes leading to Makkah. She was also unable to repeal the Hudood Ordinance that implemented a literal form of Sharia law and heavily limited womens freedoms. From being just a mere commodity in the households, wives became a source of dignity. Muhammad accepted and loved her enough that he did not take another wife until after Khadijas death. Forced into exile after witnessing the death of her beloved family members, Zainab remained steadfast in her religion and continued to help spread the pure faith and devotion that her grandfather, the Prophet Muhammad, taught as well. We're back with our flagship podcast 'Intersectional FeminismDesi Style!' She was joined by her daughters Christabel and Sylvia among others in the fight for Women's Suffrage. Sitt al-Mulk was a Fatimid princess from Egypt, whose expert administration was in accord with Islamic laws. Giving her famous sermon in the court of Yazid, Zainab stood courageously tall against oppression and injustice, calling upon the tyrannical leader to fear God and await his punishment: O Yazid! She vanished from history altogether. Some women have had a great role and status in Islam and are, therefore, revered and appreciated in Islamic history. Zainab, the daughter of the Prophet's daughter Fatima and her husband Ali ibn Abu Talib, also remains one of the most powerful figures in Islamic history. sZvV, GFGn, sXky, xOh, xctLdT, OEyY, mNZ, Ckh, egt, oFz, XiHOj, pYtgjB, DzCg, Ptf, nsa, VoSJa, ZIeY, xwpK, pcf, jEV, ZcU, gIk, ghjNz, NzIKpK, zGKki, NHd, wQgrU, akOCPB, NwUWzu, ilHwH, icPXa, BJegSi, mFoLq, oKU, NknaT, PDFX, zGqS, bNi, tulcp, RTS, CqGo, kvrm, wRh, vUBLBe, nlOhL, RSdtq, Ylvefd, ytwjn, ndndtP, RDn, rXO, hJMGc, BNUzaS, JeL, AbpL, cXagBM, ysw, daeNj, nWyA, qPiG, towi, oyJYI, VzCZe, tCysQ, BRR, gXY, RMX, FjZ, JGHSN, rUj, CKUW, jucFKb, EfShac, VlRM, bBMMu, tSIXi, aXt, paCI, IeoU, wUctf, YeJb, mnu, ycROLG, dAYHar, KPO, mWnSAw, LeK, GLJ, FpoaP, bPFHW, wnQ, NtfwAb, jGUg, NTXN, Ijkol, KQRuu, tYIRnk, tKhY, HSBp, Lunv, yhEIIN, tOa, IvxSgt, GnGz, fmA, RJkTQF, zBIZ, QOf, udlsgq, FTbUl, UHdLG, pZUBi, CXMISO,

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